Abstract
The MJO is a global phenomenon. Its strongest signature is in the tropics, but its structure includes Rossby gyres that extend significantly away from the equator. Correlations have been identified between the MJO and countless weather and climate phenomena around the globe. For instance, MJO activity is related with tropical phenomena such as monsoons, hurricanes, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as extratropical phenomena such as tornadoes in the United States, Arctic sea ice, and heavy rain and snow events in the western United States, to name only a few. As a result, better forecasts of the MJO could have an impact on forecasts in the extratropics in, for example, the United States and Europe. Moreover, since the MJO is an intraseasonal oscillation with a period of 30–60 days, it plays a major role in the new frontier of subseasonal to seasonal prediction with lead times of weeks or months in advance.
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Majda, A.J., Stechmann, S.N., Chen, S., Ogrosky, H.R., Thual, S. (2019). Tropical–Extratropical Interactions and the MJO Skeleton Model. In: Tropical Intraseasonal Variability and the Stochastic Skeleton Method. Mathematics of Planet Earth(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22247-5_4
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