Definition
Living arrangements refer to the structure and composition of one’s household, including the number of household members and their relationships to each another. Living arrangements include both single-person households (i.e., living alone) and multi-person households, including those comprised of persons with familial ties (e.g., living with a spouse or adult children) or those without familial ties (e.g., living with a partner or others related or unrelated). Living arrangements have also been examined in terms of intergenerational co-residence among older adults and their adult children – households that are often shaped by one’s individual needs, family structure, and cultural contexts (Isengard and Szydlik 2012).
Overview
Living arrangements represent an important social context in later life – one that relates to opportunities for social integration, perceived isolation, health, and...
References
Abramson TA (2015) Older adults: the “Panini Sandwich” generation. Clin Gerontol 38:251–267
Angel JL, Angel RJ, McClellan JL, Markides KS (1996) Nativity, declining health, and preferences in living arrangements among elderly Mexican Americans: implications for long-term care. Gerontologist 36:464–473
Bicket MC, Mitra A (2009) Demographics and living arrangements of the minority elderly in the United States. Appl Econ Lett 16:1053–1057
Bloom DE, Luca DL (2016) The global demography of aging: facts, explanations, future. In: Handbook of the economics of population aging, vol 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 3–56
Botev N (2012) Population ageing in central and Eastern Europe and its demographic and social context. Eur J Ageing 9:69–79
Chen F, Liu G, Mair CA (2011) Intergenerational ties in context: grandparents caring for grandchildren in China. Soc Forces 90:571–594
Compton J, Pollak RA (2015) Proximity and co-residence of adult children and their parents in the United States: descriptions and correlates. Ann Econ Stat (117/118):91–114. https://doi.org/10.15609/annaeconstat2009.117-118.91
Dannefer D (2003) Cumulative advantage/disadvantage and the life course: cross-fertilizing age and social science theory. J Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 58:S327–S337
Diaz-Venegas C, Saenz JL, Wong R (2017) Family size and old-age wellbeing: effects of the fertility transition in Mexico. Ageing Soc 37:495–516
Greenfield EA, Russell D (2011) Identifying living arrangements that heighten risk for loneliness in later life: evidence from the US National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. J Appl Gerontol 30:524–534
Guan J, Li H, Sun H, Wang T, Wu W (2015) The impact of a discrepancy between actual and preferred living arrangements on life satisfaction among the elderly in China. Clinics 70:623–627
Gurak DT, Kritz MM (2010) Elderly Asian and Hispanic foreign-and native-born living arrangements: accounting for differences. Res Aging 32:567–594
Henning-Smith C (2016) Quality of life and psychological distress among older adults: the role of living arrangements. J Appl Gerontol 35:39–61
Iacovou M, Skew AJ (2011) Household composition across the new Europe: where do the new member states fit in? Demogr Res 25:465–490
Isengard B, Szydlik M (2012) Living apart (or) together? Coresidence of elderly parents and their adult children in Europe. Res Aging 34:449–474
Karagiannaki E (2011) Changes in the living arrangements of elderly people in Greece: 1974–1999. Popul Res Policy Rev 30:263–285
Manning WD, Brown SL (2009) The demography of unions among older Americans: 1980–present. Bowling Green State University: National Center for Family and Marriage Research, Working Paper:09–14
Perrels AJ et al (2014) Place of death and end-of-life transitions experienced by very old people with differing cognitive status: retrospective analysis of a prospective population-based cohort aged 85 and over. Palliat Med 28:220–233
Prickett KC, Angel JL (2017) Transitions in living arrangements among older Mexican Americans: the dynamics of dependency and disadvantage. Res Aging 39:396–417
Raje A (2012) Global perspectives on multigenerational households and intergenerational relations. http://www.ilc-alliance.org/images/uploads/publication-pdfs/Global_Alliance_Intergenerational_Relations_March_2012.pdf
Raymo J, Pike I, Liang J. New look at the living arrangements of older Americans using multistate life tables. Gerontological Society of America Annual Scientific Meeting, 2016
Ruggles S (2009) Reconsidering the northwest European family system: living arrangements of the aged in comparative historical perspective. Popul Dev Rev 35:249–273
Russell D (2009) Living arrangements, social integration, and loneliness in later life: the case of physical disability. J Health Soc Behav 50:460–475
Russell D, Taylor J (2009) Living alone and depressive symptoms: the influence of gender, physical disability, and social support among Hispanic and non-Hispanic older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 64:95–104
Russell D, Oberlink MR, Onorato N, Feinberg JL, Bowles KH, Szanton SL (2018) Identifying barriers in the home environment among urban community-dwelling older adults with functional difficulty: a multi-method pilot study. Act Adapt Aging 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2018.1542247
Seltzer JA, Friedman EM (2013) Widowed mothers’ coresidence with adult children. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 69:63–74
Sereny M (2011) Living arrangements of older adults in China: the interplay among preferences, realities, and health. Res Aging 33:172–204
Teno JM, Gozalo P, Trivedi AN, Bunker J, Lima J, Ogarek J, Mor V (2018) Site of death, place of care, and health care transitions among US Medicare beneficiaries, 2000–2015. JAMA 320:264–271
U.S. Department on Health and Human Services Administration on Aging (2017) A profile of older Americans. https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Aging%20and%20Disability%20in%20America/2017OlderAmericansProfile.pdf
Weissman JD, Russell D (2018) Relationships between living arrangements and health status among older adults in the United States, 2009–2014: findings from the National Health Interview Survey. J Appl Gerontol 37:7–25
Zhang Z, Gu D, Luo Y (2014) Coresidence with elderly parents in contemporary China: the role of filial piety, reciprocity, socioeconomic resources, and parental needs. J Cross Cult Gerontol 29:259–276
Zimmer Z, Korinek K (2010) Shifting coresidence near the end of life: comparing decedents and survivors of a follow-up study in China. Demography 47:537–554
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Russell, D., Breaux, E. (2021). Living Arrangements in Later Life. In: Gu, D., Dupre, M.E. (eds) Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_324
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_324
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22008-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22009-9
eBook Packages: Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences