Definition
The word euthanasia was conceived from the Greek words “eu,” meaning “good,” and “thanatos,” meaning “death” to refer to an easy and painless death. In modern society, euthanasia is understood as an employment or omission of procedures with the aim of accelerating or bringing about death in patients with incurable illnesses in order to release them from unbearable suffering. There are two forms of euthanasia: active euthanasia is when death is caused by a direct and deliberate act such as a doctor giving a patient a dose of lethal medication, while passive euthanasia is when the process of natural death is allowed to take place by either withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment; for example, switching off a machine to allow a person to die of their illness. Euthanasia can further be categorized into nonvoluntary and voluntary euthanasia. Nonvoluntary euthanasia...
References
Baeke G, Wils JP, Broeckaert B (2011) ‘We are (not) the master of our body’: elderly Jewish women’s attitudes towards euthanasia and assisted suicide. Ethn Health 16(3):259–278
Beauchamp TL, Childress JF (2001) Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press, New York
Castro MR, Antunes GC, Marcon LMP, Andrade LS, Ruckl S, Andrade VLA (2016) Euthanasia and assisted suicide in western countries: a systematic review. Rev Bioetic 24(2):355–367
Chapple A, Ziebland S, McPherson A, Herxheimer A (2006) What people close to death say about euthanasia and assisted suicide: a qualitative study. J Medial Ethics 32(12):706–710
Chatterjee P (2017) The customary practice of Senicide, with special reference to India. Gin Verlag, Munich
Dees M, Vernooij-Dassen M, Dekkers W, Vissers KC, van Well C (2011) ‘Unbearable suffering’: a qualitative study on the perspectives of patients who request assistance in dying. J Med Ethics 37(12):727–734
Dickinson GE, Clark D, Winslow M, Marples R (2005) US physicians’ attitudes concerning euthanasia and physician-assisted death: a systematic literature review. Morality 10(1):43–52
Drum CE, White G, Taitano G, Horner-Johnson W (2010) The Oregon death with dignity act: results of a literature review and naturalistic inquiry. Disabil Health J 3(1):3–15
Eliott JA, Olver IN (2008) Dying cancer patients talk about euthanasia. Soc Sci Med 67(4):647–656
Fadem P, Minkler M, Perry M, Blum K, Moore LF, Rogers J, Williams L (2003) Attitudes of people with disabilities toward physician-assisted suicide legislation: broadening the dialogue. J Health Polit Policy Law 28(6):977–1001
Hendry M, Pasterfield D, Lewis R, Carter B, Hodgson D, Wilkinson C (2013) Why do we want the right to die? A systematic review of the international literature on the views of patients, carers and the public on assisted dying. Palliat Med 27(1):13–26
Humphry D, Clement M (2000) Freedom to die: people, politics, and the right-to-die movement. St. Martin’s Griffin, New York
Johansen S, Holen JC, Kaasa S, Loge HJ, Materstvedt LJ (2005) Attitudes towards, and wishes for, euthanasia in advanced cancer patients at a palliative medicine unit. Palliat Med 19(6):454–460
Kemp N (2002) Merciful release: a history of the British euthanasia movement. Manchester University Press, Manchester
Kuuppelomaki M (2000) Attitudes of cancer patients, their family members and health professionals toward active euthanasia. Eur J Cancer Care 9(1):16–21
Mak YYW, Elwyn G (2005) Voices of the terminally ill: uncovering the meaning of desire for euthanasia. Palliat Med 19(4):343–350
Mathew S (2016) Thalaikoothal: killing of the already withering. Retrieved from: https://soumyamathew94.wordpress.com/2016/04/16/thalaikoothal-killing-of-the-already-withering/
McCormick AJ (2011) Self-determination, the right to die, and culture: a literature review. Soc Work 56(2):119–128
Mystakidou K, Parpa E, Tsilika E, Katsouda E, Vlahos L (2005) The evolution of euthanasia and its perceptions in Greek culture and civilization. Perspect Biol Med 48(1):95–104
Oregon Health Authority (2019) Death with Dignity Act. Retrieved from: https://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/PROVIDERPARTNERRESOURCES/EVALUATIONRESEARCH/DEATHWITHDIGNITYACT/Pages/index.aspx
Pearlman RA, Hsu C, Starks H, Back AL, Gordon JR, Bharucha AJ, Koenig BA, Battin MP (2005) Motivations for physician- assisted suicide: patient and family voices. J Gen Intern Med 20(3):234–239
Post S (1990) Severely demented elderly people: a case against senicide. J Am Geriatr Soc 38(6):1532–5415
Steck N, Egger M, Maessen M, Reisch T, Zwahlen M (2016) Euthanasia and assisted suicide in selected European countries and US states: systematic literature review. Med Care 51(10):938–944
Vezina-Im LA, Lavoie M, Krol P, Olivier-D’Avignon M (2014) Motivations of physicians and nurses to practice voluntary euthanasia: a systematic review. BMC Palliat Care 13(1):20
Wilson KG, Scott JF, Graham ID, Kozak JF, Chater S, Viola RA, de Faye BJ, Wwaver LA, Curran D (2000) Attitudes of terminally ill patients toward euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. JAMA Intern Med 160(16):2454–2460
Winland-Brown JE (2001) John, and Mary Q. Public’s perceptions of a good death and assisted suicide. Issues Interdiscip Care 3(2):137–144
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Ho, A.H.Y., Tan-Ho, G. (2021). Euthanasia and Senicide. In: Gu, D., Dupre, M.E. (eds) Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_1008
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_1008
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22008-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22009-9
eBook Packages: Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences