Abstract
This chapter examines the factors and actors that are either driving or obstructing positive shifts in Cuba-U.S. relations. Factors which drove 17D emanate from U.S. national and foreign policy interests as well as Cuba-U.S. people-to-people relations. The obstacles are related to various types of differences on both sides. The actors pushing for positive Cuba-U.S. relations are diverse, including segments of civil society, academia, business community, states (Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean countries), the younger generation of Cubans, Pope Francis, and the Catholic Church, and other various other non state actors.
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Notes
- 1.
In the book, the term “blockade” has been used on occasions instead of “embargo”. It will depend mostly on the sources referred due to the fact that most Cuban sources employed the term “blockade”. In Cuba, it is considered that the U.S. embargo has surpassed the effects associated with a bilateral embargo and it produces the impacts usually associated to a larger economic blockade exerted from different actors in the international system.
- 2.
Presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton did the same, but only after leaving the White House.
- 3.
President Jimmy Carter had done this previously, but kept it a secret.
- 4.
An informal binational economic arrangement in which one country—in this case, Cuba—is dependent on another—in this case, the United States (Varela Pérez 2010).
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Laguardia Martinez, J., Chami, G., Montoute, A., Mohammed, D.A. (2020). Factors and Actors Impacting Cuba-U.S. Relations. In: Changing Cuba-U.S. Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20366-5_7
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