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Analyzing Cancer and Breast Cancer in Space and Time

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Geospatial Approaches to Energy Balance and Breast Cancer

Part of the book series: Energy Balance and Cancer ((EBAC,volume 15))

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Abstract

This chapter introduces concepts central to the space-time analysis of cancer and breast cancer in space and time. By “space” we mean geographic location; by time we mean when specific events occurred. We deal with cancer at both the individual- and population-level, and are concerned with quantifying individual exposures through space and time, and the assessment of space-time patterns in cancer outcomes in groups of individuals and in populations. We begin by setting the stage with a discussion of the complexity of the problem, and consider factors including carcinogenesis, models of cancer progression, cancer latency, biological vulnerability, temporal orientation in space-time cancer analysis, and human mobility. Next, specific methods for space-time pattern recognition for mobile individuals are summarized, followed by specific examples for pancreatic, breast and bladder cancers. Sources of error are discussed, with an emphasis on actual exposure measurement for individuals in comparison to model-based estimates. It is suggested that model- and GIS-based estimates substantially underestimate actual exposures, resulting in exposure misclassification and under-estimation of cancer burdens attributable to environmental exposures. Next, future research directions that leverage advances in the mutational signatures for cancers and improved measurement technologies for quantifying the cancer exposome over the life course are identified. The chapter concludes with critical challenges and barriers in the realization of a genome+, exposome, behavome synthesis for cancer prevention and a more complete causal understanding.

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  1. BioMedware, Inc., and The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Geoffrey M. Jacquez

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  1. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

    David Berrigan

  2. Center for Science, Health and Society Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Nathan A. Berger

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Jacquez, G.M. (2019). Analyzing Cancer and Breast Cancer in Space and Time. In: Berrigan, D., Berger, N. (eds) Geospatial Approaches to Energy Balance and Breast Cancer. Energy Balance and Cancer, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18408-7_2

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