Elder Abuse

Abstract

The World Health Organization defines elder abuse as a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, that causes an older person harm or distress within any relationship in which there is expectation of trust. There are five commonly recognized categories of abuse: physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, and neglect (caregiver and self-neglect). It is estimated that 10% of the elder population is subjected to abuse. However, this number highly under-appraises the prevalence since it is estimated that for every case of elder abuse reported, 23 cases remain unreported. There is concern that the number of older adults at risk for abuse will continue to rise with increase in the number of older adults. There is fairly limited research on elder abuse and no consistently implemented measurement tool for the assessment and identification of abuse in older adults. A number of medical professional associations, including the American Medical Association, recommend screening for elder abuse. It is helpful to consistently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse; incorporate historical information from the older adult and sources such as a caregiver and objective findings when assessing for elder abuse. For clinicians who suspect or identify abuse, it is incumbent upon them to report their concerns to the appropriate agency. The Adult Protective Services (APS) agencies were established as a result of Title XX of the Social Security Act. APS is responsible for receiving and investigating reports of suspected abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Once APS receives a report, a service specialist investigates and then develops a plan that continues until the case is resolved.