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Cancer Staging

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Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology

Abstract

There is a recognized need of staging classification system after diagnosis and before treatment of any type of cancer. The T (tumor), N (node), and M (metastasis) staging system relies mainly on the description of the anatomic extent of the tumor. The revised eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/TNM staging classification can serve many purposes in providing consistent common language, standardized inclusion and stratification criteria for study population, multicenter data sharing, and continuous updates from experts. In addition to being a strong indicator of prognosis, the AJCC/TNM classification is also an essential tool for cancer patients by its ability to predict response or resistance to treatment and to compare outcomes and survival rates from medical centers. In ophthalmic oncology, significant changes have been made in the staging classification over the last decades. The International Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) has contributed to improve and validate the AJCC/TNM staging classification for eye tumors, maintaining its clinical relevance and its universal applicability. Further changes are to be expected with the advent of new adjuvant therapy or prognostic factors, such as genetic features and molecular markers.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre universitaire d’ophtalmologie, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada

    Claudine Bellerive

  2. Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Arun D. Singh

Authors
  1. Claudine Bellerive
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  2. Arun D. Singh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Claudine Bellerive .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Arun D. Singh

  2. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

    Bertil E. Damato

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Bellerive, C., Singh, A.D. (2019). Cancer Staging. In: Singh, A., Damato, B. (eds) Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04489-3_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04489-3_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04488-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04489-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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