Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Land–Atmosphere Interactions in Indian Monsoon at Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Scale

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hydrology in a Changing World

Part of the book series: Springer Water ((SPWA))

  • 826 Accesses

Abstract

The Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) is one of the most complex, yet stable climatic phenomena and it has enormous importance to the rhythms of life in the Indian subcontinent. The summer monsoon in Indian subcontinent exhibits a wide range of temporal variability that is often viewed as a manifestation of disturbances originated as a result of coupled ocean–land–atmosphere interactions. Although the large-scale processes through the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variations predominantly control the atmospheric circulations leading to the summer monsoon rainfall, the regional land surface feedbacks can also influence the rainfall through surface variables such as snow, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration over a region supplies moisture to the atmosphere, which may lead to precipitation in the same region or different regions. Therefore, any disturbance in the large-scale and regional-scale processes (that are associated with the ISMR) is reflected in terms of anomalous quantity of atmospheric moisture transport from the different evaporative sources to the Indian subcontinent. The chapter primarily discusses the role of the land surface feedback (through evapotranspiration) and the atmospheric moisture transport from different subcontinental terrestrial sources in the seasonal and sub-seasonal variability of ISMR.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Asharaf S, Dobler A, Ahrens B (2011) Soil moisture initialization effects in the Indian monsoon system. Adv Sci Res 6:161–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Brubaker KL, Entekhabi D, Eagleson PS (1993) Estimation of continental precipitation recycling. J Climate 6:1077–1089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Budyko MI (1974) Climate and life. Academic Press, p 508

    Google Scholar 

  4. Burde GI, Zangvil A (2001) The estimation of regional precipitation recycling. Part I: review of recycling models. J Climate 14:497–2508

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dirmeyer PA, Shukla J (1993) Observational and modeling studies of the influence of soil moisture anomalies on the atmospheric circulation. In: Shukla J (ed) Predictions of interannual climate variations. NATO Series I, vol. 6. Springer–Verlag, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dominguez F, Kumar P, Liang X, Ting M (2006) Impact of atmospheric moisture storage on precipitation recycling. J Climate 19:1513–1530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dominguez F, Kumar P (2008) Precipitation recycling variability and ecoclimatological stability—a study using NARR data. Part I: central US plains ecoregion. J Climate 21:5165–5186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Douville H, Royer JF (1996) Sensitivity of the Asian summer monsoon to an anomalous Eurasian snow cover with in the Meteo-France GCM. Clim Dyn 12:449–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Eltahir EAB, Bras RL (1994) Precipitation recycling in the Amazon basin. Q J R Meteorol Soc 120:861–880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Eltahir EAB, Bras RL (1996) Precipitation recycling. Rev Geophys 34:367–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Eltahir EAB (1998) A soil moisture–rainfall feedback mechanism: theory and observations. Water Resour Res 34(4):765–776. https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr03499, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/46897WR03499

  12. Gadgil S (2003) The Indian monsoon and its variability. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 31:429–467. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gadgil S, Vinayachandran PN, Francis PA (2003) Droughts of the Indian summer monsoon: role of clouds over the Indian Ocean. Curr Sci 85:1713–1719

    Google Scholar 

  14. Higgins W, Gochis D (2007) Synthesis of results from the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) process study. J Climate 20:1601–1607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Koster RD, Dirmeyer PA, Guo ZC, Bonan G, Chan E, Cox P, Gordon CT, Kanae S, Kowalczyk E, Lawrence D, Liu P, Lu CH, Malyshev S, McAvaney B, Mitchell K, Mocko D, Oki T, Oleson K, Pitman A, Sud YC, Taylor CM, Verseghy D, Vasic R, Xue YK, Yamada T (2004) Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation. Science 305:1138–1140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kripalani RH, Kulkarni A, Sabade SS (2001) El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Eurasian Snow Cover and the Indian monsoon rainfall. Proc Ind Natl Sci Acad 67A:361–368

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lettau H, Lettau K, Molion LCB (1979) Amazonia’s hydrologic cycle and the role of atmospheric recycling in assessing deforestation effects. Mon Wea Rev 107:227–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Martinez JA, Dominguez F (2014) Sources of atmospheric moisture for the La Plata River Basin. J Clim 27:6737–6753. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00022.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. McPherson RA (2007) A review of vegetation–atmosphere interactions and their influences on mesoscale phenomena. Prog Phys Geogr 31:261–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133307079055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Osborne TM, Lawrence DM, Slingo JM, Challinor AJ, Wheeler TR (2004) Influence of vegetation on the local climate and hydrology in the tropics: sensitivity to soil parameters. Clim Dyn 23:45–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0421-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pathak A, Ghosh S, Kumar P (2014) Precipitation recycling in the Indian subcontinent during summer monsoon. J Hydrometeor 15:2050–2066. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0172.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Pathak A, Ghosh S, Martinez JA, Dominguez F, Kumar P (2017) Role of oceanic and land moisture sources and transport in the seasonal and inter–annual variability of summer monsoon in India. J Clim 30:1839–1859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pathak A, Ghosh S, Murtugudde R, Kumar P (2017b) Role of Oceanic and Terrestrial Atmospheric Moisture Sources in Intra–seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Sci Rep 7. Nature Publishing Group. Article number: 12729. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13115-7

  24. Peings Y, Douville H (2010) Influence of the Eurasian snow cover on the Indian summer monsoon variability in observed climatologies and CMIP3 simulations. Clim Dyn 34:643–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0565-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pielke RA, Avissar R, Raupach M, Dolman AJ, Zeng X, Denning AS (1998) Interaction between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems: influence on weather and climate. Glob Chang Biol 4:461–475. http://www.climatesci.org/publications/pdf/R-192.pdf

  26. Rajeevan M, Gadgil S, Bhate J (2010) Active and break spells of Indian summer monsoon. J Earth Syst Sci 119(3):229–247

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ramamurthy K (1969) monsoon of India: Some aspects of breaks in the Indian south west monsoon during July and August. Forecasting Manual, Part IV, India Meteorological Department

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ramaswamy C (1962) Breaks in the Indian summer monsoon as a phenomenon of interaction between the easterly and the sub-tropical westerly jet streams. Tellus XIV:337–349. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v14i3.9560

  29. Robock A, Mu M, Vinnikov K, Robinson D (2003) Land surface conditions over Eurasia and Indian summer monsoon rainfall. J Geophys Res 108. ISSN 0148-0227. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002286

  30. Sikka DR, Gadgil S (1980) On the maximum cloud zone and the ITCZ over Indian, longitudes during the southwest monsoon. Mon Weather Rev 108:1840–1853. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1840:otmcza>2.0.co;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Sreejith OP, Panickal S, Pai S, Rajeevan M (2015) An Indian Ocean precursor for Indian summer monsoon rainfall variability. Geophys Res Lett 42:9345–9354. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Turner A, Slingo J (2011) Using idealized snow forcing to test teleconnections with the Indian summer monsoon in the Hadley centre GCM. Clim Dyn, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0805-3

  33. Vellore, RK, Krishnan R, Pendharkar J, Choudhury AD, Sabin TP (2014) On the anomalous precipitation enhancement over the Himalayan foothills during monsoon breaks. Clim Dyn, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-2024-1

  34. Watts C, Scott R, Garatuza-Payan J, Rodriguez JC, Prueger JH, Kustas WP, Douglas M (2007) Changes in vegetation condition and surface fluxes during NAME 2004. J Clim 17:3892–3906

    Google Scholar 

  35. Yang S, Lau KM, Yoo SH, Kinter JL, Miyakoda K, Ho CH (2004) Upstream subtropical signals preceding the Asian summer monsoon circulation. J Clim 17:4213–4229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Yasunari T (2007) Role of land–atmosphere interaction on Asian monsoon climate. J Meteor Soc Jpn 85B:55–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Yasunari T (1991) The monsoon year–a new concept of the climatic year in the tropics. Bull Am Meteor Soc 72:1131–1138

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India

    Amey Pathak

  2. Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies and Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India

    Subimal Ghosh

Authors
  1. Amey Pathak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Subimal Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amey Pathak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hydrological Processes, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Shailesh Kumar Singh

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi, India

    C.T. Dhanya

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pathak, A., Ghosh, S. (2019). Land–Atmosphere Interactions in Indian Monsoon at Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Scale. In: Singh, S., Dhanya, C. (eds) Hydrology in a Changing World. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02197-9_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation