Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ions in the Atmosphere

  • Chapter
Compendium of Meteorology

Abstract

In considering the subject of atmospheric ions, it has been possible, because of space limitations, to consider only those conditions of the atmosphere which are regarded as normal and to include in the discussions, which are of necessity brief, only those items which are most important. References to investigations have also been restricted to those regarded as most pertinent to the subject at hand.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 36.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aitken, J., Collected Scientific Papers of John Aitken, edited by C. G. Knott. Cambridge, University Press, 1923.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Boylan, R. K., “Atmospheric Dust and Condensation Nuclei.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 37: 58–70 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bradbury, N. E., “The Absolute Values of the Mobility of Gaseous Ions in Pure Gases.” Phys. Rev., 40: 508–523 (1932).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cullen, T. L., “On the Exhalation of Radon from the Earth.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect.,51: 37–44 (1946).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Erikson, H. A., “Mobility of Ions.” Phys. Rev., 17: 400 (1921); 18: 100–101 (1921); 20: 117–126 (1922); 24: 502–509 (1924); 26: 465–468 (1925); 28: 372–377 (1926); 29: 215–216 (1927); 33: 403–411 (1929); 34: 635–643 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fleming, J. A., ed., Physics of the Earth—VIII, Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity. New York, McGraw, 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gagge, A. P., and Moriyama, I. M., “The Annual and Diurnal Variation of Ions in an Urban Community.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 40: 295–306 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gish, O. H., and Sherman, K. L., “Electrical Conductivity of the Air to an Altitude of 22 Kilometers.” Nat. Geogr. Soc. Contrib. Tech. Papers, Stratosphere Series, No. 2, pp. 94–116 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gish, O. H.,Ionic Equilibrium in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere. Trans. Wash. Meeting 1939, Un. géod. géophys. int., Ass. Terr. Magn. Atmos. Elect., Bull. 11, pp. 474–491, 1940.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hess, V. F.,The Electrical Conductivity of the Atmosphere and Its Causes. Trans, by L. W. Codd. London, Constable, 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hess, V. F., “On the Concentration of Condensation Nuclei in the Air over the North Atlantic.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 53: 399–403 (1948).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hogg, A. R., “Some Observations on the Average Life of Small Ions and Atmospheric Ionization Equilibria.” Beitr. Geophys., 41: 32–55 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hogg, A. R., “Continuous Observations of the Rate of Production of Small Ions in the Atmosphere.” Beitr. Geophys., 43: 359–378 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hogg, A. R., “The Mobility of Small Ions of the Atmosphere.” Beitr. Geophys., 47: 31–59 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hogg, A. R., “Atmospheric Electric Observations.” Beitr. Geophys., 41: 1–31 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hogg, A. R., “The Intermediate Ions of the Atmosphere.” Proc.phys. Soc. London., 51: 1014–1027 (1939).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Israël, H., and Schulz, L., “The Mobility-Spectrum of Atmospheric Ions—Principles of Measurements and Results.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 38: 285–300 (1933).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Jaffé, G., “Zur Theorie der Ionisation in Kolonnen.” Ann. Physik, 42: 303–344 (1913); “Sur I’ionisation des diélectriques liquides par I’emanation du radium.” Radium, Paris., 10: 126–134 (1913); “Zur Theorie der Ionisation in Kolonnen, II.” Ann. Physik., 1: 977–1008 (1929).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kennedy, H., “The Large Ions in the Atmosphere.” Proc. R. Irish Acad.,(A) 32: 1–6 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Landsberg, H., “Atmospheric Condensation Nuclei.” Beitr. Geophys., Supp., 3: 155–252 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Langevin, P. “Sur les ions de l’atmosphère.” C. R. Acad.Sci., Paris, 140: 232–234 (1905).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Loeb, L. B., Fundamental Processes of Electrical Discharges in Gases. New York, Wiley, 1939. (See pp. 86–100)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Luhr, O., and Bradbury, N. E., “Corrected Values for the Coefficient of Recombination of Gaseous Ions.” Phys. Rev., 37: 998–1000 (1931).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mauchly, S. J., “Studies in Atmospheric Electricity Based on Observations Made on the Carnegie, 1915–1921.” Res. Dept. Terr. Magn., Carneg. Instn. Wash. Publ. 175, 5: 385–424 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Moussiegt, J., “Mesures de la conductibilité et de l’ionistion de l’air dans les Alpes.” C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 208: 216–217 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Nolan, J. J., and De Sachy, G. P., “Atmospheric Ionisation.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 37: 71–94 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Nolan, J. J., and Nolan, P. J., “Further Observations on Atmospheric Ionisation at Glencree.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 41: 111–128 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Nolan, J. J., “A New Method for Counting Atmospheric Ions and Determining Their Mobilities.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 42: 15–19 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Nolan, J. J., “Atmospheric Electrical Conductivity and the Current from Air to Earth.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 43: 79–93 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nolan, P. J., “Experiments on Condensation Nuclei.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 47: 25–38 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Nolan, P. J., “The Recombination Law for Weak Ionisation.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 49: 67–90 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Nolan, P. J., and Galt, R. I., “The Equilibrium of Small Ions and Nuclei.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 50: 51–68 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Nolan, P. J., and Fahy, E. F., “Experiments on the Conductivity of Atmospheric Air.” Proc. R. Irish Acad., (A) 50: 233–256 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Overhauser, A. W., “The Clustering of Ions and the Mobilities in Gaseous Mixtures.” Phys. Rev., 76: 250–254 (1949).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Parkinson, W. D., “Factors Controlling the Atmospheric Conductivity at the Huancayo Magnetic Observatory.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 53: 305–317 (1948).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Parkinson, W. D., Review of the Literature on the Ion Balance of the Lower Atmosphere Since 1939. Trans. Oslo Meeting 1949, Un. géod. géophys. int., Ass. Terr. Magn. Atmos. Elect., Bull. 13 (in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Pollock, J. A., “A New Type of Ion in the Air.” Phil.Mag., 29: 636–646 (1915).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sayers, J., “Ionic Recombination in Air.” Proc. roy. Soc., (A) 169: 83–101 (1938).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Sherman, K. L., “Atmospheric Electricity at College-Fairbanks Polar Year Station.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 42: 371–390 (1937).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Sherman, K. L., “Total and Uncharged Nuclei at Washington, D. C.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 45: 191–204 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Swann, W. F. G., “On Certain New Atmospheric-Electric Instruments and Methods.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 19: 171–185 (1914).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Thomson, J. J., Conduction of Electricity Through Gases, 3rd ed. Cambridge, University Press, 1933. (See p. 7)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Torreson, O. W., “On the Value of the Ratio of the Number of Uncharged Nuclei (N 0) to the Number of Charged Nuclei of one Sign (N±) at Washington, D. C.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 39: 65–68 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Torreson, O. W., and others, “Scientific Results of Cruise VII of the Carnegie. Oceanography III, Ocean Atmospheric Electric Results.” Carneg. Instn. Wash. Publ. 568 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Torreson, O. W., and Wait, G. R., “Measurements of Total Nuclei, of Uncharged Nuclei, and of Large Ions in the Free Atmosphere at Washington, D. C.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 39: 47–64 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Wait, G. R., “Diurnal Variation of Concentration of Condensation-Nuclei and of Certain Atmospheric-Electric Elements at Washington, D. C.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 36: 111–131 (1931).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Wait, G. R., “The Intermediate Ion of the Atmosphere.” Phys.Rev., 48: 383 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Wait, G. R., “Some Experiments Relating to the Electrical Conductivity of the Lower Atmosphere.” J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 36: 321–343 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Wait, G. R., and Torreson, O. W., “The Large-Ion and Small-Ion Content of the Atmosphere at Washington, D. C.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 39: 111–119 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Wait, G. R., “Diurnal Variation of Intermediate and Large Ions of the Atmosphere at Washington, D. C.,” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 40: 425–431 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Wait, G. R., “Recombination of Ions from Gas Flames.” Phys.Rev., 57: 1071 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Weiss, R., und Steinmaurer, R., “Messungen der Lutionen in Innsbruck.” Beitr. Geophys., 50: 238–251 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Whipple, F. J. W., “Relations Between the Combination Coefficients of Atmospheric Ions.” Proc. phys. Soc. Lond., 45: 367–380 (1933).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Wright, H. L., “The Association Between Relative Humidity and the Ratio of the Number of Large Ions to the Total Number of Nuclei.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect. 39: 277–280 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Wright, H. L.,“Sea-Salt Nuclei.” Quart. J. R. meteor. Soc., 66: 3–12 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Yunker, E. A., “The Mobility Spectrum of Atmospheric Ions.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect.,45: 127–132 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Zeilinger, P. R., “Ueber die Nachlieferung von Radiumemanation aus dem Erdboden.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 40: 281–294 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Zupancic, P. R., “Messungen der Exhalation von Radiumemanation aus dem Erdboden.” Terr. Magn. atmos. Elect., 39: 33–46 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Carnegie Institution of Washington, USA

    G. R. Wait

  2. Johns Hopkins University, USA

    W. D. Parkinson

Authors
  1. G. R. Wait
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. D. Parkinson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Thomas F. Malone

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1951 American Meteorological Society

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wait, G.R., Parkinson, W.D. (1951). Ions in the Atmosphere. In: Malone, T.F. (eds) Compendium of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-940033-70-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-940033-70-9_9

  • Publisher Name: American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-940033-70-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation