Skip to main content

Abstract

This chapter provides a general introduction to brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). It outlines general principles of BCI systems and the need for general-purpose BCI software. It also gives an overview of the BCI2000 system and describes the target audience for BCI2000 generally and this book specifically.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Birbaumer, N., Ghanayim, N., Hinterberger, T., Iversen, I., Kotchoubey, B., Kübler, A., Perelmouter, J., Taub, E., Flor, H.: A spelling device for the paralysed. Nature 398(6725), 297–298 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chen, Y.L., Tang, F.T., Chang, W.H., Wong, M.K., Shih, Y.Y., Kuo, T.S.: The new design of an infrared-controlled human–computer interface for the disabled. IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. 7, 474–481 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Damper, R.I., Burnett, J.W., Gray, P.W., Straus, L.P., Symes, R.A.: Hand-held text-to-speech device for the non-vocal disabled. J. Biomed. Eng. 9, 332–340 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Donoghue, J.P., Nurmikko, A., Black, M., Hochberg, L.R.: Assistive technology and robotic control using motor cortex ensemble-based neural interface systems in humans with tetraplegia. J. Physiol. 579(3), 603–611 (2007). doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.127209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Farwell, L.A., Donchin, E.: Talking off the top of your head: toward a mental prosthesis utilizing event-related brain potentials. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 70(6), 510–523 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ferguson, K.A., Polando, G., Kobetic, R., Triolo, R.J., Marsolais, E.B.: Walking with a hybrid orthosis system. Spinal Cord 37, 800–804 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gao, X., Xu, D., Cheng, M., Gao, S.: A BCI-based environmental controller for the motion-disabled. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 11(2), 137–140 (2003). doi:10.1109/TNSRE.2003.814449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gerhardt, L., Sabolcik, R.: Eye tracking apparatus and method employing grayscale threshold values. US Patent 5,481,622, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  9. Grauman, K., Betke, M., Gips, J., Bradski, G.: Communication via eye blinks – detection and duration analysis in real time. In: 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1010–1017. IEEE Comput. Soc., Los Alamitos (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hochberg, L.R., Serruya, M.D., Friehs, G.M., Mukand, J.A., Saleh, M., Caplan, A.H., Branner, A., Chen, D., Penn, R.D., Donoghue, J.P.: Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature 442(7099), 164–171 (2006). doi:10.1038/nature04970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hoffer, J.A., Stein, R.B., Haugland, M.K., Sinkjaer, T., Durfee, W.K., Schwartz, A.B., Loeb, G.E., Kantor, C.: Neural signals for command control and feedback in functional neuromuscular stimulation: a review. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 33, 145–157 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kennedy, P.R., Bakay, R.A., Moore, M.M., Goldwaithe, J.: Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system. IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. 8(2), 198–202 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kilgore, K.L., Peckham, P.H., Keith, M.W., Thrope, G.B., Wuolle, K.S., Bryden, A.M., Hart, R.L.: An implanted upper-extremity neuroprothesis: follow-up of five patients. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 79-A, 533–541 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kübler, A., Kotchoubey, B., Hinterberger, T., Ghanayim, N., Perelmouter, J., Schauer, M., Fritsch, C., Taub, E., Birbaumer, N.: The Thought Translation Device: a neurophysiological approach to communication in total motor paralysis. Exp. Brain Res. 124(2), 223–232 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kübler, A., Nijboer, F., Mellinger, J., Vaughan, T.M., Pawelzik, H., Schalk, G., McFarland, D.J., Birbaumer, N., Wolpaw, J.R.: Patients with ALS can use sensorimotor rhythms to operate a brain–computer interface. Neurol. 64(10), 1775–1777 (2005). doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000158616.43002.6D

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kubota, M., Sakakihara, Y., Uchiyama, Y., Nara, A., Nagata, T., Nitta, H., Ishimoto, K., Oka, A., Horio, K., Yanagisawa, M.: New ocular movement detector system as a communication tool in ventilator-assisted Werdnig–Hoffmann disease. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 42, 61–64 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. LaCourse, J.R., Hludik, F.C. Jr.: An eye movement communication–control system for the disabled. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 37, 1215–1220 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. McFarland, D.J., Neat, G.W., Wolpaw, J.R.: An EEG-based method for graded cursor control. Psychobiol. 21, 77–81 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Millán, J. del R., Renkens, F., Mouriño, J., Gerstner, W.: Noninvasive brain-actuated control of a mobile robot by human EEG. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 51(6), 1026–1033 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Müller, K., Blankertz, B.: Toward noninvasive brain–computer interfaces. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 23(5), 126–128 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pfurtscheller, G., Flotzinger, D., Kalcher, J.: Brain–computer interface – a new communication device for handicapped persons. J. Microcomput. Appl. 16, 293–299 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Pfurtscheller, G., Guger, C., Müller, G., Krausz, G., Neuper, C.: Brain oscillations control hand orthosis in a tetraplegic. Neurosci. Lett. 292(3), 211–214 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Santhanam, G., Ryu, S.I., Yu, B.M., Afshar, A., Shenoy, K.V.: A high-performance brain–computer interface. Nature 442(7099), 195–198 (2006). doi:10.1038/nature04968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Serruya, M., Hatsopoulos, N., Paninski, L., Fellows, M., Donoghue, J.: Instant neural control of a movement signal. Nature 416(6877), 141–142 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sutter, E.E.: The brain response interface: communication through visually guided electrical brain responses. J. Microcomput. Appl. 15, 31–45 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Taylor, D.M., Tillery, S.I., Schwartz, A.B.: Direct cortical control of 3D neuroprosthetic devices. Science 296, 1829–1832 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Vaughan, T.M., McFarland, D.J., Schalk, G., Sarnacki, W.A., Krusienski, D.J., Sellers, E.W., Wolpaw, J.R.: The Wadsworth BCI research and development program: at home with BCI. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 14(2), 229–233 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wessberg, J., Stambaugh, C.R., Kralik, J.D., Beck, P.D., Laubach, M., Chapin, J.K., Kim, J., Biggs, S.J., Srinivasan, M.A., Nicolelis, M.A.: Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates. Nature 408, 361–365 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wolpaw, J., McFarland, D.: Control of a two-dimensional movement signal by a non-invasive brain–computer interface in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 17849–17854 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wolpaw, J.R., McFarland, D.J., Neat, G.W., Forneris, C.A.: An EEG-based brain–computer interface for cursor control. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 78(3), 252–259 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Wolpaw, J.R., Birbaumer, N., McFarland, D.J., Pfurtscheller, G., Vaughan, T.M.: Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 113(6), 767–791 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerwin Schalk .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schalk, G., Mellinger, J. (2010). Brain–Computer Interfaces. In: A Practical Guide to Brain–Computer Interfacing with BCI2000. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-092-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-092-2_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-091-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-092-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics