Abstract
The success and the massive adoption of Web applications and services are pushing the community to increase and enhance their developments. By that way, the complexity and size of Web-based systems are definitely growing. Accordingly, the need for sophisticated and complete methods used to test the reliability and security aspects of Web systems is increasing as well. Quality and relevant test cases development can achieve up to 70% of the total cost of the project when these test cases are hand crafted. Because of this, the industry and the research community are making big efforts to automate test cases generation. That is the reason why the test generator must be supplied with a precise and unambiguous semantic description of the implementation under test (IUT), i.e. a formal model. This chapter presents two methodologies to attain automatic test cases generation: The first one applies extended finite state machines to model Web services composition described in WS-BPEL, while the other one uses UML to model Web applications. Together with the formal models of the web systems, this chapter presents methods for conformance and non-regression test generation.
Research supported in part by the French National Agency of Research within the WebMov project: http://webmov.lri.fr.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
PLATONIS (http://www-lor.int-evry.fr/platonis), ASK-IT (http://www.ask-it.org/.) and WebMov (http://webmov.lri.fr).
- 2.
A Web service that is involved in the WS-BPEL process is always modeled as a <porType> (i.e. abstract group of operations (noted op) supported by a service). These operations are executed via a <partnerlink> (noted by pl) that specifies the communication channel. In the following, the input message \(\mathit{pl}\;?\mathit{op}(v)\) denotes the receiving of the message op(v) (constructed from the operation op and the WS-BPEL variable v) via the channel pl. The output message is denoted by \(\mathit{pl}\;!\mathit{op}(v)\).
References
Alalfi, M.H., Cordy, J.R., Dean, T.R.: A survey of analysis models and methods in website verification and testing. In: Proc. Seventh International Conference on Web Engineering ICWE 2007, pp. 306–311 (2007)
Basanieri, F., Bertolino, A., Marchetti, E.: The cow_suite approach to planning and deriving test suites in UML projects. In: Jézéquel, J.M., Hussmann, H., Cook, S. (eds.) UML 2002—The Unified Modeling Language. Model Engineering, Languages, Concepts, and Tools, Proceedings of 5th International Conference, Dresden, Germany, September/October 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2460, pp. 383–397. Springer, Berlin (2002)
Bayse, E., Cavalli, A., Núñez, M., Zaidi, F.: A passive testing approach based on invariants: application to the WAP. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 48(2), 247–266 (2005)
Cambronero, M.E., Diaz, G., Pardo, J.J., Valero, V., Pelayo, F.L.: Rt-RT-UML for modeling real-time web services. In: Proc. IEEE Services Computing Workshops SCW 2006, pp. 131–139 (2006)
Cardoso, J.: Approaches to developing semantic web services. International Journal of Computer Science 1(1), 8–21 (2006)
Cavalli, A.R., Lee, D., Rinderknecht, C., Zaïdi, F.: Hit-or-jump: An algorithm for embedded testing with applications to in services. In: FORTE XII / PSTV XIX 1999: Proc. of the IFIP TC6 WG6.1 Joint International Conference on Formal Description Techniques for Distributed Systems and Communication Protocols (FORTE XII) and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification (PSTV XIX), pp. 41–56. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1999)
Christensen, E., Curbera, F., Meredith, G., Weerawarana, S.: Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl (March 2001)
Cockburn, A.: Writing Effective Use Cases, 1st edn. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2000)
CollabNet: Argouml. http://argouml.tigris.org/ (2008)
del Cid, J.P.E., de la Fuente Valentin, L., Gutierrez, S., Pardo, A., Kloos, C.D.: Implementation of a learning design run-time environment for the .LRN learning management system. Journal of Interactive Media in Education. Retrieved from ERIC database (2007)
dotLRN: Learn, research, network. http://www.dotlrn.org
EVIWARE: SOAPUI: The web services testing tool. http://www.soapui.org/ (2009)
Farahbod, R., Glasser, U., Vajihollahi, M.: Specification and validation of the business process execution language for web services. In: Abstract State Machines, pp. 78–94 (2004)
Fouchal, H., Petitjean, E., Salva, S.: Testing timed systems with timed purposes. In: Proc. Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, pp. 166–171 (2000)
García-Fanjul, J., Tuya, J., de la Riva, C.: Generating test cases specifications for BPEL compositions of web services using spin. In: Proc. International Workshop on Web Services—Modeling and Testing WS-MaTe 2006, pp. 83–94, Palermo, Italy (2006)
Hinz, S., Schmidt, K., Stahl, C.: Transforming BPEL to Petri nets. In: Business Process Management, pp. 220–235. Springer, Berlin (2005)
Holzmann, G.J.: The Spin Model Checker: Primer and Reference Manual. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2003)
Hong, H.S., Cha, S.D., Lee, I., Sokolsky, O., Ural, H.: Data flow testing as model checking. In: International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 232–242. IEEE Comput. Soc., Washington (2003)
IBM: Rational rose. http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/developer/rose/index.html
Jones, C.A., Drake, F.L. Jr.: Python & XML, 1st edn. O’Reilly Media, Sebastopol (2001)
Kazhamiakin, R., Pandya, P., Pistore, M.: Timed modelling and analysis in web service compositions. In: Proc. First International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security ARES 2006, p. 7 (2006)
Krichen, M., Tripakis, S.: An expressive and implementable formal framework for testing real-time systems. In: Proc. 16th IFIP International Conference on Testing of Communicating Systems TestCom 2005, pp. 209–225 (2005)
Kung, D.C., Liu, C.H., Hsia, P.: An object-oriented web test model for testing web applications. In: Asia-Pacific Conference on Quality Software, p. 111 (2000)
Lallali, M., Zaidi, F., Cavalli, A.: Timed modeling of web services composition for automatic testing. In: Proc. Third International IEEE Conference on Signal-Image Technologies and Internet-Based System SITIS 2007, pp. 417–426 (2007)
Li, N., Ma, Q.-q., Wu, J., Jin, M.-z., Liu, C.: A framework of model-driven web application testing. In: 30th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, vol. 2, pp. 157–162 (2006)
Liu, C., Kung, D., Hsia, P., Hsu, C.: Structure testing of web applications. In: Proc. 11th Annual International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, pp. 84–96 (October 2000)
Lorenzo, G.D., Fasolino, A.R., Melcarne, L., Tramontana, P., Vittorini, V.: Turning web applications into web services by wrapping techniques. In: Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 199–208 (2007)
MacKenzie, C.M., Laskey, K., McCabe, F., Brown, P.F., Metz, R.: Reference model for service oriented architecture 1.0. oasis standard, 12 October 2006. http://docs.oasis-open.org/soa-rm/v1.0/soa-rm.pdf
Nakajima, S.: Lightweight formal analysis of web service flows. Progress in Informatics 2, 57–76 (2005)
OASIS: Organization for the advancement of structured information standards. http://www.oasis-open.org/specs/index.php
OASIS: Universal description discovery and integration. http://uddi.xml.org/uddi-org
OASIS: WS-BPEL ver. 2.0. http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsbpel/2.0/OS/wsbpel-v2.0-OS.html (April 2007)
Object Management Group: BPMN, business process modeling notation. http://www.bpmn.org/ (2009)
OMG: Unified Modeling Language (UML). http://www.uml.org/
OMG: XML Metadata Interchange (XMI). http://www.omg.org/spec/XMI/2.1.1/
OpenACS Community: Openacs. http://openacs.org
OpenQA Community: Selenium ide. http://www.openqa.org/selenium-ide/
OpenSTA: Open system testing architecture. http://www.opensta.org/
Paradkar, A.M., Sinha, A., Williams, C., Johnson, R.D., Outterson, S., Shriver, C., Liang, C.: Automated functional conformance test generation for semantic web services. In: IEEE International Conference on Web Services ICWS, pp. 110–117 (2007)
probleme: System modeling workbench tool. http://www.abo.fi/~iporres/html/smw.html
Realfsen, A.S.: Tclwebtest recorder. http://www.km.co.at/km/twtr
Ricca, F., Tonella, P.: Analysis and testing of web applications. In: International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 25–34 (2001)
Sheshagiri, M.: Automatic composition and invocation of semantic web services. Master’s thesis, UMBC (2004)
SOASTA: Soasta CloudTest. http://www.soasta.com/
Softlogica: Wapt: Web application testing. http://www.loadtestingtool.com/
Software QA and Testing Resource Center: Web site test tools and site management tools. http://www.softwareqatest.com/qatweb1.html
W3C: Extensible Markup Language XML. http://www.w3.org/XML
W3C: Ontology Web Language (OWL). http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/
W3C: Resource Definition Framework (RDF). http://www.w3.org/RDF/
W3C: Web application formats working group. http://www.w3.org/2006/appformats/
W3C: Web ontology web language for services (OWL-S). http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S/
W3C: Web service description language with semantics (WSDL-S). http://www.w3.org/Submission/WSDL-S/
W3C: Web services modeling ontology (WSMO). http://www.wsmo.org/
W3C: The world wide web consortium. http://www.w3.org/
W3C: Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP (version 1.1). http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/ (May 2000)
Wombacher, A., Fankhauser, P., Neuhold, E.: Transforming BPEL into annotated deterministic finite state automata for service discovery. In: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Web Services ICWS 2004, pp. 316–323 (2004)
Xu, L., Xu, B., Chen, Z., Jiang, J., Chen, H.: Regression testing for web applications based on slicing. In: Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, p. 652 (2003)
Yang, Y., Tan, Q., Yu, J., Liu, F.: Transformation BPEL to CP-nets for verifying web services composition. In: Proc. of International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices NWeSP 2005, p. 6 (2005)
Yu, Y., Huang, N., Luo, Q.: Owl-s based interaction testing of web service-based system. In: International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices, pp. 31–34 (2007)
Zhang, R., Arpinar, I.B., Aleman-Meza, B.: Automatic composition of semantic web services. In: International Conference on Web Services ICWS 2003, pp. 38–41 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix
Appendix
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cavalli, A., Lallali, M., Maag, S., Morales, G., Zaidi, F. (2010). Modeling and Testing of Web-Based Systems. In: Badr, Y., Chbeir, R., Abraham, A., Hassanien, AE. (eds) Emergent Web Intelligence: Advanced Semantic Technologies. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-077-9_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-077-9_14
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-076-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-077-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)