Abstract
A large study of limb reduction defects in British Columbia reported an incidence of 5.97 per 10,000 live births, with 75% affecting the upper limb [1]. Half the cases had associated abnormalities, mostly in the musculoskeletal system, but defects of other organ systems were also common.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Froster-Iskenius UG, Baird PA. Limb reduction defects in over one million consecutive livebirths. Teratology 1989; 39(2):127–135.
Tickle C. Making digit patterns in the vertebrate limb. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 7(1):45–53.
Daluiski A, Yi SE, Lyons KM. The molecular control of upper extremity development: implications for congenital hand anomalies. J Hand Surg Am 2001; 26(1):8–22.
Swanson AB, Swanson GD, Tada K. A classification for congenital limb malformation. J Hand Surg Am 1983; 8(5 Pt 2):693–702.
Kay SPJ. Pyschosocial aspects of the child with a congenital hand anomaly. In: Green DP, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, eds. Operative Hand Surgery. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1999.
Kallemeier PM, Manske PR, Davis B, Goldfarb CA. An assessment of the relationship between congenital transverse deficiency of the forearm and symbrachydactyly. J Hand Surg Am 2007; 32(9):1408–1412.
Kay SP, McCombe D. Absence of Fingers. In: Green DP, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Wolfe SW, eds. Green’s Operative Hand Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone; 2005:1415–1430.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. at http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/
Lamb DW, Scott H, Lam WL, et al. Operative correction of radial club hand. A long-term follow-up of centralization of the hand on the ulna. J Hand Surg Br 1997; 22(4):533–536.
Buck-Gramcko D. Radialization as a new treatment for radial club hand. J Hand Surg Am 1985; 10(6 Pt 2):964–968.
Goldfarb CA, Murtha YM, Gordon JE, Manske PR. Soft-tissue distraction with a ring external fixator before centralization for radial longitudinal deficiency. J Hand Surg Am 2006; 31(6):952–959.
Damore E, Kozin SH, Thoder JJ, Porter S. The recurrence of deformity after surgical centralization for radial clubhand. J Hand Surg Am 2000; 25(4):745–751.
Peterson BM, McCarroll HR Jr, James MA. Distraction lengthening of the ulna in children with radial longitudinal deficiency. J Hand Surg Am 2007; 32(9):1402–1407.
Schmidt CC, Neufeld SK. Ulnar ray deficiency. Hand Clin 1998; 14(1):65–76.
Cole RJ, Manske PR. Classification of ulnar deficiency according to the thumb and first web. J Hand Surg Am 1997; 22(3):479–488.
Kay SP, McCombe D. Central Hands Deficiencies. In: Green DP, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Wolfe SW, eds. Green’s Operative Hand Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone; 2005:1404–1415.
Flatt AE. The Care of Congenital Hand Anomalies. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing; 1994.
Eaton CJ, Lister GD. Syndactyly. Hand Clin 1990; 6(4):555–575.
McCarroll HR Jr. Congenital flexion deformities of the thumb. Hand Clin 1985; 1(3):567–575.
Kalliainen LK, Drake DB, Edgerton MT, et al. Surgical management of the hand in Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. Ann Plast Surg 2003; 50(5):456–462. discussion 463–470.
Manske PR, McCarroll HR Jr. Reconstruction of the congenitally deficient thumb. Hand Clin 1992; 8(1):177–196.
Buck-Gramcko D. Pollicization of the index finger. Method and results in aplasia and hypoplasia of the thumb. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1971; 53(8):1605–1617.
McFarlane RM, Classen DA, Porte AM, Botz JS. The anatomy and treatment of camptodactyly of the small finger. J Hand Surg Am 1992; 17(1):35–44.
Miura T, Nakamura R, Tamura Y. Long-standing extended dynamic splintage and release of an abnormal restraining structure in camptodactyly. J Hand Surg Br 1992; 17(6):665–672.
Smith PJ, Grobbelaar AO. Camptodactyly: a unifying theory and approach to surgical treatment. J Hand Surg Am 1998; 23(1): 14–19.
Kikuchi N, Ogino T. Incidence and development of trigger thumb in children. J Hand Surg Am 2006; 31(4):541–543.
Dinham JM, Meggitt BF. Trigger thumbs in children. A review of the natural history and indications for treatment in 105 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1974; 56(1):153–155.
Lee ZL, Chang CH, Yang WY, et al. Extension splint for trigger thumb in children. J Pediatr Orthop 2006; 26(6):785–787.
Bae DS, Sodha S, Waters PM. Surgical treatment of the pediatric trigger finger. J Hand Surg Am 2007; 32(7):1043–1047.
Green WT, Mital MA. Congenital radio-ulnar synostosis: surgical treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1979; 61(5):738–743.
Kanaya F, Ibaraki K. Mobilization of a congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis with use of a free vascularized fascio-fat graft. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998; 80(8):1186–1192.
Wassel HD. The results of surgery for polydactyly of the thumb. Clin Orthop 1969; 64:175–193.
Tsuge K. Treatment of macrodactyly. J Hand Surg Am 1985; 10(6 Pt 2):968–969.
Vickers D, Nielsen G. Madelung deformity: surgical prophylaxis (physiolysis) during the late growth period by resection of the dyschondrosteosis lesion. J Hand Surg Br 1992; 17(4): 401–407.
Harley BJ, Brown C, Cummings K, et al. Volar ligament release and distal radius dome osteotomy for correction of Madelung’s deformity. J Hand Surg Am 2006; 31(9):1499–1506.
Houshian S, Schroder HA, Weeth R. Correction of Madelung’s deformity by the Ilizarov technique. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2004; 86(4):536–540.
Porter DE, Emerton ME, Villanueva-Lopez F, Simpson AH. Clinical and radiographic analysis of osteochondromas and growth disturbance in hereditary multiple exostoses. J Pediatr Orthop 2000; 20(2):246–250.
Watts AC, Ballantyne JA, Fraser M, et al. The association between ulnar length and forearm movement in patients with multiple osteochondromas. J Hand Surg Am 2007; 32(5): 667–673.
Ip D, Li YH, Chow W, Leong JC. Reconstruction of forearm deformities in multiple cartilaginous exostoses. J Pediatr Orthop Br 2003; 12(1):17–21.
Srinivasan J, Hutchinson JW, Burke FD. Finger sucking digital deformities. J Hand Surg Br 2001;26(6):584–588.
Lahoti O, Bell MJ. Transfer of pectoralis major in arthrogryposis to restore elbow flexion: deteriorating results in the long term. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005; 87(6):858–860.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burge, P.D. (2010). Developmental Anomalies of the Hand. In: Benson, M., Fixsen, J., Macnicol, M., Parsch, K. (eds) Children's Orthopaedics and Fractures. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-611-3_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-611-3_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-610-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-611-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)