Appendix 5: Normal Limits of the 12 Lead Vectorcardiogram

1 Appendix 5 A Normal Limits of Adult 12-Lead Vectorcardiogram

The tables of amplitudes and durations in this Appendix have been obtained from the X, Y, Z leads derived from the 12-lead ECG according to the methods described in Chap. 11, Sect. 11.6 and using the coefficients presented in Table 11.6. Data have been derived from 1,555 adult ECGs whose age distribution is shown in the lower part of Table 43.1. The 215 males over 50 have been subdivided, with 38 men being aged 60 and over, while similarly 139 females include 19 aged 60 and over.

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation below which is given the 96 percentile ranges, i.e., 2% of values are excluded at either end of the distribution except in the case of the groups aged 60 and over where the 100% range is presented. Angular data are presented with respect to the reference frames illustrated in Figure 43.9.

2 A5.1 Scalar Measurements from the Leads X, Y, and Z

2.1 A5.1.1 P Wave Amplitude and Duration

Table A5.1 P wave...