Abstract
We describe the utility of intermediate-pressure MALDI and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS and MSn) for the characterization and imaging of phospholipids in brain tissue sections. The use of both MS/MS spectra and MS/MS images allows for identification of isobaric compounds. The structural characterization of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and sphingomyelins directly from tissue sections is described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Monroe, E. B., Jurchen, J. C., Lee, J., Rubakhin, S. S., Sweedler, J. V. (2005) Vitamin E imaging and localization in the neuronal membrane. J Am Chem Soc, 127, 12152–12153.
Hsieh, Y., Casale, R., Fukuda, E., Chen, J. W., Knemeyer, I., Wingate, J., Morrison, R., Korfmacher, W. (2006) Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry for direct measurement of clozapine in rat brain tissue. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 20, 965–972.
Drexler, D. M., Garrett, T. J., Cantone, J. L., Diters, R. W., Mitroka, J. G., Prieto-Conaway, M. C., Adams, S. P., Yost, R. A., Sanders, M. (2007) Utility of imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) on an ion trap mass spectrometer in the analysis of drugs and metabolites in biological tissues. J Pharm Toxicol Meth, 55, 279–288.
Chaurand, P., Schwartz, S. A., Billheimer, D., Xu, B. J., Crecelius, A., Caprioli, R. M. (2004) Integrating histology and imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Chem, 76, 1145–1155.
Maddalo, G., Petrucci, F., Iezzi, M., Pannellini, T., Del Boccio, P., Ciavardelli, D., Biroccio, A., Forli, F., Di Ilio, C., Ballone, E., Urbani, A., Federici, G. (2005) Analytical assessment of MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry on this histological samples. An insight into proteome investigation. Clin Chim Acta, 357, 210–218.
Garrett, T. J., Prieto-Conaway, M. C., Kovtoun, V., Bui, H., Izgarian, N., Stafford, G. C., Yost, R. A. (2007) Imaging of small molecules in tissue sections with a new intermediate-pressure MALDI linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Int J Mass Spectrom, 260, 166–176.
Garrett, T. J., Yost, R. A. (2006) Analysis of intact tissue by intermediate-pressure MALDI on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal Chem, 78, 2465–2469.
Reyzer, M. L., Hsieh, Y., Ng, K., Korfmacher, W. A., Caprioli, R. M. (2003) Direct analysis of drug candidates in tissue by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom, 38, 1081–1092.
Jackson, S. N., Wang, H.-Y. J., Woods, A. S. (2005) In situ structural characterization of phosphatidylcholines in brain tissue using MALDI-MS/MS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 16, 2052–2056.
Winograd, N. (2003) Prospects for imaging TOF-SIMS: from fundamentals to biotechnology. Appl Surface Sci, 203–204, 13–19.
Caprioli, R. M., Farmer, T. B., Gile, J. (1997) Molecular imaging of biological samples: localization of peptides and proteins using MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Chem, 69, 4751–4760.
Todd, P. J., Schaaf, T. G., Chaurand, P., Caprioli, R. M. (2001) Organic ion imaging of biological tissue with secondary ion mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. J Mass Spectrom, 36, 355–369.
Wang, H.-Y. J., Jackson, S. N., McEuen, J., Woods, A. S. (2005) Localization and analysis of small drug molecules in rat brain tissue sections. Anal Chem, 77, 6682–6686.
Troendle, F. J., Reddick, C. D., Yost, R. A. (1999) Detection of pharmaceutical compounds in tissue by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and laser desorption/chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry with a quadrupole ion trap. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 10, 1315–1321.
Jackson, S. N., Wang, H.-Y. J., Woods, A. S. (2005) Direct profiling of lipid distribution in brain tissue using MALDI-TOFMS. Anal Chem, 77, 4523–4527.
Sjovall, P., Lausmaa, J., Johansson, B. (2004) Mass spectrometric imaging of lipids in brain tissue. Anal Chem, 76, 4271–4278.
Touboul, D., Kollmer, F., Niehuis, E., Laprevote, O., Brunelle, A. (2005) Improvement of biological time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging with a bismuth cluster ion source. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 16, 1608–1618.
Cha, S., Yeung, E. S. (2007) Colloidal graphite-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and MSn of small molecules. 1. Imaging of cerebrosides directly from rat brain tissue. Anal Chem, 79, 2373–2385.
Todd, P. J., McMahon, J. M., McCandlish, C. A. (2004) Secondary ion images of the developing rat brain. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 15, 1116–1122.
Forlenza, O. V., Schaeffer, E. L., Gattaz, W. F. (2007) The role of phospholipase A(2) in neuronal homeostasis and memory formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Trans, 114, 231–238.
Pettegrew, J., Panchalingam, K., Hamilton, R., McClure, R. (2001) Brain membrane phospholipid alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem Res, 26, 771–782.
Ross, B. M., Mamalias, N., Moszczynska, A., Rajput, A. H., Kish, S. J. (2001) Elevated activity of phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes in substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience, 102, 899–904.
Martinez, M., Mougan, I. (1998) Fatty acid composition of human brain phospholipids during normal development. J Neurochem, 71, 2528–2533.
Xiao, Y., Huang, Y., Chen, Z.-Y. (2005) Distribution, depletion and recovery of docosahexanoic acid are region-specific in rat brain. Brit J Nutr, 94, 544–550.
Han, X., Gross, R. W. (1995) Structural determination of picomole amounts of phospholipids via electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 6, 1201–1210.
Garrett, T. J. (2006) Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL.
Hsu, F.-F., Bohrer, A., Turk, J. (1997) Formation of lithiated adducts of glycerophosphocholine lipids facilitates their identification by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 9, 516–526.
Hsu, F.-F., Turk, J. (2000) Structural determination of sphingomyelin by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 11, 437–449.
Agranoff, B. W., Benjamins, J. A., Hajra, A. A. (1998) in Basic neurochemistry. Molecular, cellular and medical aspects (Siegel, G. J., Agranoff, B. W., Fisher, S. K., Albers, R. W., Uhler, M. D., Eds.), 47–67, Lippincott–Raven, Philadelphia, PA.
Hsu, F.-F., Turk, J. (2005) Studies on phosphatidylserine by tandem quadrupole and multiple stage quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization: structural characterization and the fragmentation processes. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 16, 1510–1522.
McClellan, J. E., Murphy, I., James P., Mulholland, J. J., Yost, R. A. (2002) Effects of fragile ions on mass resolution and on isolation for tandem mass spectrometry in the quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Anal Chem, 74, 402–412.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of George Stafford and Mari Prieto-Conaway at ThermoFisher Scientific (San Jose, CA, USA). We thank Dr. Nigel Calcutt of the University of California San Diego for donation of the tissue specimens. The NIH is greatly acknowledged for support (NIH RO1 ES007355).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Garrett, T.J., Yost, R.A. (2010). Tandem Mass Spectrometric Methods for Phospholipid Analysis from Brain Tissue. In: Rubakhin, S., Sweedler, J. (eds) Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 656. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-746-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-746-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-745-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-746-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols