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Antioxidants as Targeted Therapy: A Special Protective Role for Pomegranate and Paraoxonases (PONs)

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Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

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Abstract

Increased oxidative stress exists in patients with high risk for atherosclerosis development (hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive, diabetic). This phenomenon is associated with reduced antioxidant status [decreased levels of vitamin E, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione, and HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity]. Oxidative stress in atherosclerotic patients exists also in their blood, as well as in arterial wall cells, including macrophages (the hallmark of foam cells in early atherogenesis).

The use of nutritional antioxidants such as vitamin E, carotenoids (lycopene and ß-carotene), and polyphenols (such as those present in red wine, licorice root, or pomegranate) by atherosclerotic patients reduces oxidative stress and attenuates atherosclerosis development. This latter phenomenon is related to protective direct effects of nutritional antioxidants, and to indirect effect by increasing serum HDL-associated paraoxonase activity, which results in the breakdown of specific lipid peroxides.

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  1. Technion Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel

    Mira Rosenblat & Michael Aviram

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  1. Mira Rosenblat
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    Morteza Naghavi

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Rosenblat, M., Aviram, M. (2011). Antioxidants as Targeted Therapy: A Special Protective Role for Pomegranate and Paraoxonases (PONs). In: Naghavi, M. (eds) Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-179-0_48

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