Abstract
The eye is a highly vascularized organ that possesses two vascular networks in the adult, the retinal vessels and the choroid vessels, as well as a transitory vascular system, the hyaloid vessels, which regress in vertebrates after birth. Abnormal vessel growth is observed in a number of ocular pathologies such as retinopathy or age-related macular dystrophy. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of eye vascularization have demonstrated a central role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members in these processes (1–5). Other molecular players, such as angiopoietins, seem to be implicated in the remodeling of retinal vessels (6).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Gariano RF. Cellular mechanisms in retinal vascular development. Prog Retin Eye Res 2003;22:295–306.
Provis JM. Development of the primate retinal vasculature. Prog Retin Eye Res 2001;20:799–821.
Provis JM, Leech J, Diaz CM, Penfold PL, Stone J, Keshet E. Development of the human retinal vasculature: cellular relations and VEGF expression. Exp Eye Res 1997;65:555–568.
Stalmans I, Ng YS, Rohan R, et al. Arteriolar and venular patterning in retinas of mice selectively expressing VEGF isoforms. J Clin Invest 2002; 109:327–336.
Campochiaro PA, Hackett SF. Ocular neovascularization: a valuable model system. Oncogene 2003;22:6537–6548.
Uemura A, Ogawa M, Hirashima M, et al. Recombinant angiopoietin-1 restores higherorder architecture of growing blood vessels in mice in the absence of mural cells. J Clin Invest 2002;110:1619–1628.
Bikfalvi A, Klein S, Pintucci G, Rifkin DB. Biological roles of fibroblast growth factor-2. EndocrRev 1997;18:26–45.
Javerzat S, Auguste P, Bikfalvi A. The role of fibroblast growth factors in vascular development. Trends Mol Med 2002;8:483–489.
Auguste P, Javerzat S, Bikfalvi A. Regulation of vascular development by fibroblast growth factors. Cell Tissue Res 2003;314:157–166.
Gerwins P, Skoldenberg E, Claesson-Welsh L. Function of fibroblast growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors in angiogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2000;34:185–194.
Klein S, Bikfalvi A, Birkenmeier TM, Giancotti FG, Rifkin DB. Integrin regulation by endogenous expression of 18-kDa fibroblast growth factor-2. J Biol Chem 1996;271:22,583–22,590.
Hood JD, Frausto R, Kiosses WB, Schwartz MA, Cheresh DA. Differential alphav integrinmediated Ras-ERK signaling during two pathways of angiogenesis. J Cell Biol 2003; 162:933–943.
Pepper MS. Extracellular proteolysis and angiogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2001;86:346–355.
Counis MF, Chaudun E, Arruti C, et al. Analysis of nuclear degradation during lens cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 1998;5:251–261.
Bryckaert M, Guillonneau X, Hecquet C, Perani P, Courtois Y, Mascarelli F. Regulation of proliferation-survival decisions is controlled by FGF1 secretion in retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Oncogene 2000; 19:4917–4929.
Russell C. The roles of hedgehogs and fibroblast growth factors in eye development and retinal cell rescue. Vision Res 2003;43:899–912.
Chaum E. Retinal neuroprotection by growth factors: a mechanistic perspective. J Cell Biochem 2003;88:57–75.
Fruttiger M. Development of the mouse retinal vasculature: angiogenesis versus vasculogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:522–527.
Gerhardt H, Golding M, Fruttiger M, et al. VEGF guides angiogenic sprouting utilizing endothelial tip cell filopodia. J Cell Biol 2003;161:1163–1177.
Semenza G. Signal transduction to hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Biochem Pharmacol 2002;64:993–998.
Masson N, Ratcliffe PJ. HIF prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases in the biological response to intracellular 0(2) levels. J Cell Sci 2003;l16:3041–3049.
Stone J, Itin A, Alon T, et al. Development of retinal vasculature is mediated by hypoxiainduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by neuroglia. J Neurosci 1995;15:4738–4747.
Chan-Ling T, McLeod DS, Hughes S, et al. Astrocyte-endothelial cell relationships during human retinal vascular development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:2020–2032.
Otani A, Kinder K, Ewalt K, Otero FJ, Schimmel P, Friedlander M. Bone marrow-derived stem cells target retinal astrocytes and can promote or inhibit retinal angiogenesis. Nat Med 2002;8:1004–1010.
Guillonneau X, Bryckaert M, Launay-Longo C, Courtois Y. Endogenous FGF1-induced activation and synthesis of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 reduce cell apoptosis in retinal-pigmented epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 1998;273:22,367–22,373.
Mousa SA, Lorelli W, Campochiaro PA. Role of hypoxia and extracellular matrix-integrin binding in the modulation of angiogenic growth factors secretion by retinal pigmented epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 1999;74:135–143.
Alizadeh M, Miyamura N, Handa JT, Hjelmeland LM. Human RPE cells express the FGFR2IIIc and FGFR3IIIc splice variants and FGF9 as a potential high affinity ligand. Exp Eye Res 2003;76:249–256.
Hayashi T, Mizuno N, Ueda Y, Okamoto M, Kondoh H. FGF2 triggers iris-derived lens regeneration in newt eye. Mech Dev 2004;121:519–526.
Wada M, Gelfman CM, Matsunaga H, et al. Density-dependent expression of FGF-2 in response to oxidative stress in RPE cells in vitro. Curr Eye Res 2001;23:226–231.
Walsh N, Valter K, Stone J. Cellular and subcellular patterns of expression of bFGF and CNTF in the normal and light stressed adult rat retina. Exp Eye Res 2001;72:495–501.
Martin G, Schlunck G, Hansen LL, Agostini HT. Differential expression of angioregulatory factors in normal and CNV-derived human retinal pigment epithelium. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004;242:321–326.
Zhang L, El-Hodiri HM, Ma HF, et al. Targeted expression of the dominant-negative FGFR4a in the eye using XrxlA regulatory sequences interferes with normal retinal development. Development 2003;130:4177–4186.
Valter K, van Driel D, Bisti S, Stone J. FGFR1 expression and FGFR1-FGF-2 colocalisation in rat retina: sites of FGF-2 action on rat photoreceptors. Growth Factors 2002;20:177–188.
Matsushima M, Ogata N, Takada Y, et al. FGF receptor 1 expression in experimental choroidal neovascularization. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1996;40:329–338.
Gu X, El-Remessy AB, Brooks SE, Al-Shabrawey M, Tsai NT, Caldwell RB. Hyperoxia induces retinal vascular endothelial cell apoptosis through formation of peroxynitrite. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003;285:546–554.
Lee SH, Schloss DJ, Swain JL. Maintenance of vascular integrity in the embryo requires signaling through the fibroblast growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 2000;275:33,679–33,687.
Soubrane G, Cohen SY, Delayre T, et al. Basic fibroblast growth factor experimentally induced choroidal angiogenesis in the minipig. Curr Eye Res 1994; 13:183–195.
Cao R, Brakenhielm E, Pawliuk R, et al. Angiogenic synergism, vascular stability and improvement of hind-limb ischemia by a combination of PDGF-BB and FGF-2. Nat Med 2003;9:604–613.
Tobe T, Ortega S, Luna JD, et al. Targeted disruption of the FGF2 gene does not prevent choroidal neovascularization in a murine model. Am J Pathol 1998; 15:1641–1666.
Ornitz DM, Itoh N. Fibroblast growth factors. Genome Biol 2, REVIEWS3005.
Rousseau B, Dubayle D, Sennlaub F, et al. Neural and angiogenic defects in eyes of transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative FGF receptor in the pigmented cells. Exp Eye Res 2000;71:395–404.
Rousseau B, Larrieu-Lahargue F, Bikfalvi A, Javerzat S. Involvement of fibroblast growth factors in choroidal angiogenesis and retinal vascularization. Exp Eye Res 2003;77:147–156.
Hackett SF, Wiegand S, Yancopoulos G, Campochiaro PA. Angiopoietin-2 plays an important role in retinal angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2002; 192:182–187.
Zubilewicz A, Hecquet C, Jeanny JC, Soubrane G, Courtois Y, Mascarelli F. Two distinct signalling pathways are involved in FGF2-stimulated proliferation of choriocapillary endothelial cells: a comparative study with VEGF. Oncogene 2001;20:1403–1413.
Yamada H, Yamada E, Kwak N, et al. Cell injury unmasks a latent proangiogenic phenotype in mice with increased expression of FGF2 in the retina. J Cell Physiol 2000;185:135–142.
Rousseau B, Larrieu-Lahargue F, Javerzat S, Guilhem-Ducleon F, Beermann F, Bikfalvi A. The tyrpl-Tag/tyrpl-FGFRl-DN bigenic mouse: a model for selective inhibition of tumor development, angiogenesis, and invasion into the neural tissue by blockade of fibroblast growth factor receptor activity. Cancer Res 2004;64:2490–2495.
Lubarsky B, Krasnow MA. Tube morphogenesis: making and shaping biological tubes. Cell 2003; 112:19–28.
Li J, Shworak NW, Simons M. Increased responsiveness of hypoxic endothelial cells to FGF2 is mediated by HIF-lalpha-dependent regulation of enzymes involved in synthesis of heparan sulfate FGF2-binding sites. J Cell Sci 2002; 115:1951–1959.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bikfalvi, A., Javerzat, S. (2006). The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factors in Ocular Angiogenesis. In: Tombrain-Tink, J., Barnstable, C.J. (eds) Ocular Angiogenesis. Opthalmology Research. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-047-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-047-8_12
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-514-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-047-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)