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Aging and Immunity

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Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Abstract

Several clinical and experimental studies have examined age-related changes in immune responses and have associated aging with a decline in immune responses (immunosenescence) (1–3). The most important aspect of age associated immune dys­function may involve the progressive decline in T lymphocyte functions and cell-medi­ated immunity. The impairment of T-cell function primarily involves diminished T-cell proliferative responses and IL-2 synthesis and changes in T-cell subsets, namely decreases in naive T cells (4–6). This age-associated decline in immunocompetence is likely a major contributing factor for the increased infection and cancer rates observed in the elderly. These changes in the T-cell functioning may reflect cumulative effects of antigenic exposure, which occurs throughout life. In addition to antigenic exposure, nutritional changes (over-and underfeeding) occur throughout life and can affect organ functions. Several studies have established that nutritional status plays a significant role in immune response and decreases in nutritional status have been associated with impaired immune responses (7). Considerable evidence links immune dysfunction with undernutrition, ranging from such global nutritional problems as protein—energy malnu­trition (8–10) to specific micronutrient deficiencies, including those of trace elements (e.g., zinc and selenium) and vitamins (e.g., pyridoxine) (9–12). Even “healthy elderly” may be deficient in certain micronutrients, and hence nutritional status may have an important bearing on the age-associated effects on immune responsiveness (13–15).

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  1. Shirish Barve
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  2. Christine Seel Ritchie
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  3. Craig J. McClain
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Durham VA Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Connie Watkins Bales PhD, RD, FACN

  2. Louisville VA Medical Center and University of Louisville Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Louisville, KY, USA

    Christine Seel Ritchie MD, MSPH

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Barve, S., Ritchie, C.S., McClain, C.J. (2004). Aging and Immunity. In: Bales, C.W., Ritchie, C.S. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-391-0_30

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