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Radiation and Radiation Disorders

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Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight

Abstract

With current technologies, radiation doses associated with exploration and habitation missions to the Moon and Mars may well exceed the limits currently defined for LEO operations. Assessment of the radiation protection needed during interplanetary and remote planetary missions should include consideration of several key technologies, such as integrating structural radiation shielding into vehicle design. Mission planning should, of course, account for solar cycles in considering vehicular trajectories. Vehicle designs could maximize shielding of crew compartments by considering fuel and water storage tanks as components of shielding. Development of advanced propulsion systems is expected to shorten the required transit time. Advanced warning systems for SPEs might be possible through the use of solar orbiting satellites. Shielding strategies for surface habitats should include consideration of materials (e.g., regolith) that would reduce exposure to primary radiation and not evoke significant doses from secondary radiation. Geographic variations in the natural terrain can be exploited to enhance habitat shielding. Development and use of personalized active dosimeters deserves particular attention, as does selection of EVA suit materials.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to note the following individuals for contributions to the field of space radiation and to this chapter: Michael Stanford, Ph.D.; Frank Cucinotta, Ph.D., University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Lief Peterson, Ph.D., Baylor College of Medicine; and [the late] Gautam Badhwar, Ph.D., NASA/JSC.

Acknowledgments are also to Steve Johnson, Ph.D.; Ed Semones, M.S.; Neal Zapp, Ph.D.; Prem Seganti, Ph.D.; CDR Mario Runco, M.S.; Carlos Montesinos, Ph.D.; Joel Greenberger, Ph.D.; Michael Epperly, Ph.D.; Dmitri Popov, M.D.; Alexander Akleyev, Ph.D.; and Stephen Guetersloh, Ph.D.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scott Department of Urology, Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine/Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Jeffrey A. Jones

  2. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA

    Fathi Karouia

  3. Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Lawrence Pinsky

  4. Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Octav Cristea

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Correspondence to Jeffrey A. Jones .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Michael R. Barratt

  2. Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Ellen S. Baker

  3. Deceased, Formerly Chief, Medical Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Sam L. Pool

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Jones, J.A., Karouia, F., Pinsky, L., Cristea, O. (2019). Radiation and Radiation Disorders. In: Barratt, M., Baker, E., Pool, S. (eds) Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9889-0_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9889-0_2

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