Introduction
In 2013, an estimated 35 million people (0.8%) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) globally, although the burden of the epidemic is disparately distributed, with over two-thirds of the world’s HIV-infected individuals residing in sub-Saharan Africa where the adult prevalence is as high as 4.7% (UNAIDS 2014). Thus, the majority of individuals affected by HIV who require treatment reside in resource-poor settings. With increased dissemination of, and access to, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the profile of HIV infection is changing to that of a chronic disease, with the cause of death more likely to be from an HIV-associated non-AIDS condition. This has implications for clinicians and other health-care providers in terms of the goals of care and the approach to management.
In low-resource settings, many individuals with HIV will develop some form of peripheral or central nervous system (PNS or CNS) disease. Neurological disorders most often...
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Acknowledgments
Support for this work has been provided by the South African Research Chairs Initiative funded by the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the National Institutes of Health Grant for the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC; P30-MH62512).
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van den Heuvel, L., Seedat, S., Fennema-Notestine, C. (2018). NeuroAIDS in Resource-Poor Settings, Assessment, and Treatment of. In: Hope, T.J., Richman, D.D., Stevenson, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_295
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