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Transmission HIV-2: Origin, Epidemiology, and Phenotype

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  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of AIDS

Definition

This entry focuses on the current knowledge about how HIV-2, the second and more benign form of the human immunodeficiency virus, is transmitted (“HIV-2 Transmission”). First, the origin and geographical distribution of HIV-2 transmission over time will be discussed. Second, the different and most important transmission pathways will be described, and a few well-described transmission chains will also be dissected. Finally, HIV-2 transmission on a cellular level during primary infection and the importance of different HIV-2 phenotypes in transmission and pathogenesis will be discussed.

Origin, Epidemiology, and Subtypes

Current evidence indicates that HIV-2 is the result of several cross-species transmission events and the most likely route of transmission of HIV-2 to humans involves contact with blood of different primates hunted for bushmeat in Africa. Phylogenetic analysis have indicated that HIV-2 is related to SIV from wild sooty mangabeys (SIVsm), and to date eight...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

    Fredrik Månsson

  2. Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

    Patrik Medstrand & Joakim Esbjörnsson

  3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Marianne Jansson

  4. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Marianne Jansson, Eva Maria Fenyö & Joakim Esbjörnsson

  5. Weather all Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Great Britain

    Joakim Esbjörnsson

Authors
  1. Fredrik Månsson
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  2. Patrik Medstrand
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  3. Marianne Jansson
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  4. Eva Maria Fenyö
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  5. Joakim Esbjörnsson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fredrik Månsson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Douglas D. Richman

  3. Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Mario Stevenson

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Månsson, F., Medstrand, P., Jansson, M., Fenyö, E.M., Esbjörnsson, J. (2018). Transmission HIV-2: Origin, Epidemiology, and Phenotype. In: Hope, T.J., Richman, D.D., Stevenson, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_146

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_146

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7100-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7101-5

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