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Porous Materials for Solar Energy Harvesting, Transformation, and Storage

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Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology

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Glossary

Concentrated solar power systems::

special mirror assemblies (parabolic troughs, heliostats, or parabolic dishes) that track the sun and concentrate its radiation, converting solar energy to medium- to high-temperature heat and through that to electricity.

Porous materials:

materials containing voids (pores), usually comprised of a solid skeletal portion and of a void structure accessible to flow of a fluid (liquid or gas) through it.

Solar chemistry:

implementation of chemical reactions by harnessing solar energy via absorbing sunlight.

Structured solar reactors:

chemical reactors that utilize solar energy for the implementation of chemical reactions and where the solid catalytic or reactant particles are “arranged” free of randomness in space at the reactor level, in contrast to reactors wherein such particles are distributed randomly; examples of the first category include honeycomb, foam and membrane reactors, and of the second packed and fluidized beds.

Tailored porous...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt/German Aerospace Center – DLR, Institute of Solar Research, Solar Chemical Engineering, Köln, Germany

    Christos Agrafiotis, Thomas Fend & Martin Roeb

Authors
  1. Christos Agrafiotis
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  2. Thomas Fend
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  3. Martin Roeb
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christos Agrafiotis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ramtech Ltd., Larkspur, CA, USA

    Robert A. Meyers

Section Editor information

  1. Solar-Institut Jülich (SIJ), FH Aachen. University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany

    Spiros Alexopoulos

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus

    Soteris Kalogirou PhD, DSc

Nomenclature

A V [m2/m3]

Specific (heat transfer) surface area

CPF [J/kg]

Specific heat capacity

d H [m]

Characteristic length (e.g., pore diameter)

E [W/(m2nm)]

Direct normal spectral irradiance

I, I 0 [W/m2]

Solar radiation flux density

k [1/m]

Extinction coefficient

K 1 [m2]

Permeability, viscosity coefficient

K 2 [m]

Inertial coefficient

l, L [m]

Length

\( \dot{m} \) [kg/(s m2)]

Mass flow density

n PPI [n/inch]

Cell density of ceramic foams (pores per inch)

n [-]

Number of fibers

Nu [-]

Nusselt number

O FIBERS [m2]

Surface of the fibers

p [Pa]

Pressure

P 0 [-]

Porosity

PUSE [W]

Useful power

POA [W]

Power on aperture

\( \dot{q} \) [W/m2]

Heat flux density

\( \dot{Q} \) [W]

Heat flux

R [J/(kg K)]

specific gas constant

r [-]

Heat transfer/characteristic diameter exponent

T [°C] or [K]

Temperature

U 0 [m/s]

Fluid velocity outside the cellular body

V [m3]

Volume

x [m]

Coordinate

Α [W/(m2K)]

Convective heat transfer coefficient

Β [-]

Correction factor describing thermal losses

γ [-]

Angle of incidence

Ε [-]

Absorptivity, emissivity

Η [-]

Efficiency

Λ [m]

Wavelength

μ [Ns/m2]

Dynamic viscosity

ρ [kg/m3]

Density

ρ 2π [-]

Spectral hemispherical reflectance

ρ 2πS [-]

Solar weighted hemispherical reflectance

σ [W/(m2 K4]

Stefan-Boltzmann-constant

2π

Hemispherical

2πs

Solar weighted hemispherical

o

Superficial (in case of, e.g., U0: superficial velocity)

use

Useful

dyn

Dynamical

f

Fluid

s

Solid

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Agrafiotis, C., Fend, T., Roeb, M. (2021). Porous Materials for Solar Energy Harvesting, Transformation, and Storage. In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1054-1

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