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Gene–Diet Interactions on Bone

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Nutrition and Bone Health

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a complex disease, with both environmental and genetic components. Moreover, there are clear suggestions that nutritional and genetic factors interact to influence bone modeling and mineral homeostasis during the years of peak bone mass acquisition, as well as influence bone remodeling and the maintenance of bone mass. Here we review the bases for candidate gene and genome-wide association studies with bone mineral density and fractures, as well as the candidate gene studies that investigated gene–dietary interactions in osteoporosis. These include the VDR, ESR1, and Il-6 gene with vitamin D and/or calcium intake, and Ppar and lipids intake. Notably, few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to date have incorporated G*E interactions into the analysis design and this is primarily due to the challenges associated with such an approach. Also, more refined phenotypes than areal bone mineral density (aBMD) are required, with a focus on cellular and molecular processes in bones in response to nutrition. If successful, such genome-wide interaction studies (GWIS) can contribute to better bone health by proposing individualized Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for various nutrients.

Positive health requires a knowledge of man’s primary constitution and of the powers of various foods, both those natural to them and those resulting from human skill.

Hippocrates, 480 BC

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Heritability (h 2, %) is defined as the proportion of the total variance for a trait across the population that is attributable to the additive effects of genes.

  2. 2.

    Genome-wide methylation arrays are now available (see reference [120]).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, CH – 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland

    Serge Ferrari M.D.

  2. Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel

    David Karasik Ph.D.

  3. Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA

    David Karasik Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Serge Ferrari M.D.
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  2. David Karasik Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Serge Ferrari M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Michael F. Holick

  2. Helen Hayes Hospital and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

    Jeri W. Nieves

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Ferrari, S., Karasik, D. (2015). Gene–Diet Interactions on Bone. In: Holick, M., Nieves, J. (eds) Nutrition and Bone Health. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2001-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2001-3_2

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2001-3

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