Skip to main content

Molecular Marker Databases

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1245))

Abstract

The detection and analysis of genetic variation plays an important role in plant breeding and this role is increasing with the continued development of genome sequencing technologies. Molecular genetic markers are important tools to characterize genetic variation and assist with genomic breeding. Processing and storing the growing abundance of molecular marker data being produced requires the development of specific bioinformatics tools and advanced databases. Molecular marker databases range from species specific through to organism wide and often host a variety of additional related genetic, genomic, or phenotypic information. In this chapter, we will present some of the features of plant molecular genetic marker databases, highlight the various types of marker resources, and predict the potential future direction of crop marker databases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Duran C, Edwards D, Batley J (2009) Molecular marker discovery and genetic map visualisation. In: Edwards D, Hanson D, Stajich J (eds) Applied bioinformatics. Springer, New York, pp 165–189

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Edwards D, Batley J (2008) Bioinformatics: fundamentals and applications in plant genetics, mapping and breeding. In: Kole C, Abbott AG (eds) Principles and practices of plant genomics. Science Publishers, Inc., New York, pp 269–302

    Google Scholar 

  3. Appleby N, Edwards D, Batley J (2009) New technologies for ultra-high throughput genotyping in plants. In: Somers D, Langridge P, Gustafson J (eds) Plant genomics. Humana, New York, pp 19–40

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Prasad M, Varshney RK, Roy JK, Balyan HS, Gupta PK (2000) The use of microsatellites for detecting DNA polymorphism, genotype identification and genetic diversity in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 100:592–594

    Google Scholar 

  5. Stein N, Graner A (2005) Map-based gene isolation in cereal genomes. In: Gupta P, Varshney R (eds) Cereal genomics. Springer, Amsterdam, pp 331–360

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Varshney RK, Sigmund R, Börner A, Korzun V, Stein N, Sorrells ME, Langridge P, Graner A (2005) Interspecific transferability and comparative mapping of barley EST-SSR markers in wheat, rye and rice. Plant Sci 168:195–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Batley J, Edwards D (2009) Mining for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular genetic markers. In: Posada D (ed) Bioinformatics for DNA sequence analysis. Humana, New York, pp 303–322

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Edwards D, Forster JW, Chagné D, Batley J (2007) What are SNPs? In: Oraguzie NC, Rikkerink EHA, Gardiner SE, Silva HND (eds) Association mapping in plants. Springer, New York, pp 41–52

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Chagné D, Batley J, Edwards D, Forster JW (2007) Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in plants. In: Oraguzie N, Rikkerink E, Gardiner S, De Silva H (eds) Association mapping in plants. Springer, New York, pp 77–94

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Edwards D, Forster JW, Cogan NOI, Batley J, Chagné D (2007) Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery. In: Oraguzie N, Rikkerink E, Gardiner S, De Silva H (eds) Association mapping in plants. Springer, New York, pp 53–76

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Batley J, Edwards D (2007) SNP applications in plants. In: Oraguzie N, Rikkerink E, Gardiner S, De Silva H (eds) Association mapping in plants. Springer, New York, pp 95–102

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Allen AM, Barker GL, Berry ST, Coghill JA, Gwilliam R, Kirby S, Robinson P, Brenchley RC, D'Amore R, McKenzie N, Waite D, Hall A, Bevan M, Hall N, Edwards KJ (2011) Transcript-specific, single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery and linkage analysis in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Biotechnol J 9:1086–1099

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Winfield MO, Wilkinson PA, Allen AM, Barker GL, Coghill JA, Burridge A, Hall A, Brenchley RC, D'Amore R, Hall N, Bevan MW, Richmond T, Gerhardt DJ, Jeddeloh JA, Edwards KJ (2012) Targeted re-sequencing of the allohexaploid wheat exome. Plant Biotechnol J 10:733–742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kharabian-Masouleh A, Waters DLE, Reinke RF, Henry RJ (2011) Discovery of polymorphisms in starch-related genes in rice germplasm by amplification of pooled DNA and deeply parallel sequencing†. Plant Biotechnol J 9:1074–1085

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Subbaiyan GK, Waters DL, Katiyar SK, Sadananda AR, Vaddadi S, Henry RJ (2012) Genome-wide DNA polymorphisms in elite indica rice inbreds discovered by whole-genome sequencing. Plant Biotechnol J 10:623–634

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Trick M, Long Y, Meng JL, Bancroft I (2009) Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in the polyploid Brassica napus using Solexa transcriptome sequencing. Plant Biotechnol J 7:334–346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Barker GLA, Edwards KJ (2009) A genome-wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism diversity in the world's major cereal crops. Plant Biotechnol J 7:318–325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bundock PC, Eliott FG, Ablett G, Benson AD, Casu RE, Aitken KS, Henry RJ (2009) Targeted single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in a highly polyploid plant species using 454 sequencing. Plant Biotechnol J 7:347–354

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Edwards D, Batley J (2010) Plant genome sequencing: applications for crop improvement. Plant Biotechnol J 7:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hong CP, Piao ZY, Kang TW, Batley J, Yang TJ, Hur YK, Bhak J, Park BS, Edwards D, Lim YP (2007) Genomic distribution of simple sequence repeats in Brassica rapa. Mol Cells 23:349–356

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Burgess B, Mountford H, Hopkins CJ, Love C, Ling AE, Spangenberg GC, Edwards D, Batley J (2006) Identification and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers derived in silico from Brassica oleracea genome shotgun sequences. Mol Ecol Notes 6:1191–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nie X, Li B, Wang L, Liu P, Biradar SS, Li T, Dolezel J, Edwards D, Luo M, Weining S (2012) Development of chromosome-arm-specific microsatellite markers in Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) using NGS technology. Am J Bot 99:e369–e371

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Keniry A, Hopkins CJ, Jewell E, Morrison B, Spangenberg GC, Edwards D, Batley J (2006) Identification and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Fragaria x ananassa expressed sequences. Mol Ecol Notes 6:319–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Batley J, Barker G, O'Sullivan H, Edwards KJ, Edwards D (2003) Mining for single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions in maize expressed sequence tag data. Plant Physiol 132:84–91

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lee H, Lai K, Lorenc MT, Imelfort M, Duran C, Edwards D (2012) Bioinformatics tools and databases for analysis of next generation sequence data. Brief Funct Genomics 2:12–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Imelfort M, Duran C, Batley J, Edwards D (2009) Discovering genetic polymorphisms in next-generation sequencing data. Plant Biotechnol J 7:312–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang X, Wang H, Wang J, Sun R, Wu J, Liu S, Bai Y, Mun J-H, Bancroft I, Cheng F, Huang S, Li X, Hua W, Wang J, Wang X, Freeling M, Pires JC, Paterson AH, Chalhoub B, Wang B, Hayward A, Sharpe AG, Park B-S, Weisshaar B, Liu B, Li B, Liu B, Tong C, Song C, Duran C, Peng C, Geng C, Koh C, Lin C, Edwards D, Mu D, Shen D, Soumpourou E, Li F, Fraser F, Conant G, Lassalle G, King GJ, Bonnema G, Tang H, Wang H, Belcram H, Zhou H, Hirakawa H, Abe H, Guo H, Wang H, Jin H, Parkin IAP, Batley J, Kim J-S, Just J, Li J, Xu J, Deng J, Kim JA, Li J, Yu J, Meng J, Wang J, Min J, Poulain J, Hatakeyama K, Wu K, Wang L, Fang L, Trick M, Links MG, Zhao M, Jin M, Ramchiary N, Drou N, Berkman PJ, Cai Q, Huang Q, Li R, Tabata S, Cheng S, Zhang S, Zhang S, Huang S, Sato S, Sun S, Kwon S-J, Choi S-R, Lee T-H, Fan W, Zhao X, Tan X, Xu X, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Yin Y, Li Y, Du Y, Liao Y, Lim Y, Narusaka Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Xiong Z, Zhang Z (2011) The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa. Nat Genet 43:1035–1040

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hayward A, Dalton-Morgan J, Mason A, Zander M, Edwards D, Batley J (2012) SNP discovery and applications in Brassica napus. J Plant Biotechnol 39:49–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hayward A, Vighnesh G, Delay C, Samian MR, Manoli S, Stiller J, McKenzie M, Edwards D, Batley J (2012) Second-generation sequencing for gene discovery in the Brassicaceae. Plant Biotechnol J 10:750–759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Tollenaere R, Hayward A, Dalton-Morgan J, Campbell E, McLanders J, Lorenc M, Manoli S, Stiller J, Raman R, Raman H, Edwards D, Batley J (2012) Identification and characterisation of candidate Rlm4 blackleg resistance genes in Brassica napus using next generation sequencing. Plant Biotechnol J 10:709–715

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Berkman BJ, Skarshewski A, Lorenc MT, Lai K, Duran C, Ling EYS, Stiller J, Smits L, Imelfort M, Manoli S, McKenzie M, Kubalakova M, Simkova H, Batley J, Fleury D, Dolezel J, Edwards D (2011) Sequencing and assembly of low copy and genic regions of isolated Triticum aestivum chromosome arm 7DS. Plant Biotechnol J 9:768–775

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Berkman PJ, Skarshewski A, Manoli S, Lorenc MT, Stiller J, Smits L, Lai K, Campbell E, Kubalakova M, Simkova H, Batley J, Dolezel J, Hernandez P, Edwards D (2012) Sequencing wheat chromosome arm 7BS delimits the 7BS/4AL translocation and reveals homoeologous gene conservation. Theor Appl Genet 124:423–432

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Hernandez P, Martis M, Dorado G, Pfeifer M, Galvez S, Schaaf S, Jouve N, Simkova H, Valarik M, Dolezel J, Mayer KF (2012) Next-generation sequencing and syntenic integration of flow-sorted arms of wheat chromosome 4A exposes the chromosome structure and gene content. Plant J Cell Mol Biol 69:377–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Duran C, Edwards D, Batley J (2009) Genetic maps and the use of synteny. In: Gustafson JP, Langridge P, Somers DJ (eds) Plant genomics. Humana, New York, pp 41–55

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Batley J, Edwards D (2009) Genome sequence data: management, storage, and visualization. Biotechniques 46:333–336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Duran C, Appleby N, Edwards D, Batley J (2009) Molecular genetic markers: discovery, applications, data storage and visualisation. Curr Bioinform 4:16–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lim G, Jewell E, Li X, Erwin T, Love C, Batley J, Spangenberg G, Edwards D (2007) A comparative map viewer integrating genetic maps for Brassica and Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biol 7:40

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Duran C, Boskovic Z, Imelfort M, Batley J, Hamilton NA, Edwards D (2010) CMap3D: a 3D visualisation tool for comparative genetic maps. Bioinformatics 26:273–274

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Duran C, Eales D, Marshall D, Imelfort M, Stiller J, Berkman PJ, Clark T, McKenzie M, Appleby N, Batley J, Basford K, Edwards D (2010) Future tools for association mapping in crop plants. Genome 53:1017–1023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Edwards D, Batley J (2004) Plant bioinformatics: from genome to phenome. Trends Biotechnol 22:232–237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lai K, Lorenc MT, Edwards D (2012) Genomic databases for crop improvement. Agronomy 2:62–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Youens-Clark K, Buckler E, Casstevens T, Chen C, DeClerck G, Derwent P, Dharmawardhana P, Jaiswal P, Kersey P, Karthikeyan AS, Lu J, McCouch SR, Ren L, Spooner W, Stein JC, Thomason J, Wei S, Ware D (2011) Gramene database in 2010: updates and extensions. Nucleic Acids Res 39:D1085–D1094

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Youens-Clark K, Faga B, Yap IV, Stein L, Ware D (2009) CMap 1.01: a comparative mapping application for the Internet. Bioinformatics 25:3040–3042

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Close TJ, Bhat PR, Lonardi S, Wu Y, Rostoks N, Ramsay L, Druka A, Stein N, Svensson JT, Wanamaker S, Bozdag S, Roose ML, Moscou MJ, Chao S, Varshney RK, Szucs P, Sato K, Hayes PM, Matthews DE, Kleinhofs A, Muehlbauer GJ, DeYoung J, Marshall DF, Madishetty K, Fenton RD, Condamine P, Graner A, Waugh R (2009) Development and implementation of high-throughput SNP genotyping in barley. BMC Genomics 10:582

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. O'Sullivan H (2007) GrainGenes – a genomic database for Triticeae and Avena. In: Edwards D (ed) Methods in molecular biology. Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp 301–314

    Google Scholar 

  46. Carollo V, Matthews DE, Lazo GR, Blake TK, Hummel DD, Lui N, Hane DL, Anderson OD (2005) GrainGenes 2.0. An improved resource for the small-grains community. Plant Physiol 139:643–651

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Matthews DE, Carollo VL, Lazo GR, Anderson OD (2003) GrainGenes, the genome database for small-grain crops. Nucleic Acids Res 31:183–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Szűcs P, Blake VC, Bhat PR, Chao S, Close TJ, Cuesta-Marcos A, Muehlbauer GJ, Ramsay L, Waugh R, Hayes PM (2009) An integrated resource for Barley linkage map and malting quality QTL alignment. Plant Gen 2:134–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Canaran P, Stein L, Ware D (2006) Look-Align: an interactive web-based multiple sequence alignment viewer with polymorphism analysis support. Bioinformatics 22:885–886

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Mochida K, Saisho D, Yoshida T, Sakurai T, Shinozaki K (2008) TriMEDB: a database to integrate transcribed markers and facilitate genetic studies of the tribe Triticeae. BMC Plant Biol 8:72

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hori K, Takehara S, Nankaku N, Sato K, Sasakuma T, Takeda K (2007) Barley EST markers enhance map saturation and QTL mapping in diploid wheat. Breed Sci 57:39–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ouyang S, Zhu W, Hamilton J, Lin H, Campbell M, Childs K, Thibaud-Nissen F, Malek RL, Lee Y, Zheng L, Orvis J, Haas B, Wortman J, Buell CR (2007) The TIGR rice genome annotation resource: improvements and new features. Nucleic Acids Res 35:D883–D887

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Temnykh S, DeClerck G, Lukashova A, Lipovich L, Cartinhour S, McCouch S (2001) Computational and experimental analysis of microsatellites in rice (Oryza sativa L.): frequency, length variation, transposon associations, and genetic marker potential. Genome Res 11:1441–1452

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lorenc MT, Boskovic Z, Stiller J, Duran C, Edwards D (2012) Role of Bioinformatics as a tool for oilseed Brassica species. In: Edwards D, Parkin IAP, Batley J (eds) Genetics, genomics and breeding of oilseed Brassicas. Science Publishers Inc., New Hampshire, pp 194–205

    Google Scholar 

  55. Duran C, Boskovic Z, Batley J, Edwards D (2011) Role of bioinformatics as a tool for vegetable Brassica species. In: Sadowski J (ed) Vegetable Brassicas. Science Publishers, Inc., New Hampshire, pp 406–418

    Google Scholar 

  56. Choi SR, Teakle GR, Plaha P, Kim JH, Allender CJ, Beynon E, Piao ZY, Soengas P, Han TH, King GJ, Barker GC, Hand P, Lydiate DJ, Batley J, Edwards D, Koo DH, Bang JW, Park BS, Lim YP (2007) The reference genetic linkage map for the multinational Brassica rapa genome sequencing project. Theor Appl Genet 115:777–792

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Bombarely A, Menda N, Tecle IY, Buels RM, Strickler S, Fischer-York T, Pujar A, Leto J, Gosselin J, Mueller LA (2011) The sol genomics network (solgenomics.net): growing tomatoes using Perl. Nucleic Acids Res 39:D1149–D1155

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Plechakova O, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Benedet F, Couderc M, Tinaut A, Viader V, De Block P, Hamon P, Campa C, de Kochko A, Hamon S, Poncet V (2009) MoccaDB – an integrative database for functional, comparative and diversity studies in the Rubiaceae family. BMC Plant Biol 9:123

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Blenda A, Scheffler J, Scheffler B, Palmer M, Lacape JM, Yu JZ, Jesudurai C, Jung S, Muthukumar S, Yellambalase P, Ficklin S, Staton M, Eshelman R, Ulloa M, Saha S, Burr B, Liu S, Zhang T, Fang D, Pepper A, Kumpatla S, Jacobs J, Tomkins J, Cantrell R, Main D (2006) CMD: a cotton microsatellite database resource for Gossypium genomics. BMC Genomics 7:132

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Duran C, Appleby N, Clark T, Wood D, Imelfort M, Batley J, Edwards D (2009) AutoSNPdb: an annotated single nucleotide polymorphism database for crop plants. Nucleic Acids Res 37:D951–D953

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Barker G, Batley J, O'Sullivan H, Edwards KJ, Edwards D (2003) Redundancy based detection of sequence polymorphisms in expressed sequence tag data using autoSNP. Bioinformatics 19:421–422

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Duran C, Appleby N, Vardy M, Imelfort M, Edwards D, Batley J (2009) Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in barley using autoSNPdb. Plant Biotechnol J 7:326–333

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lai K, Duran C, Berkman PJ, Lorenc MT, Stiller J, Manoli S, Hayden MJ, Forrest KL, Fleury D, Baumann U, Zander M, Mason AS, Batley J, Edwards D (2012) Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery from wheat next-generation sequence data. Plant Biotechnol J 10:743–749

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Edwards D (2011) Wheat bioinformatics. In: Bonjean A, Angus W, Van Ginkel M (eds) The world wheat book. Lavoisier, Paris, pp 851–875

    Google Scholar 

  65. Lai K, Berkman PJ, Lorenc MT, Duran C, Smits L, Manoli S, Stiller J, Edwards D (2012) WheatGenome.info: an integrated database and portal for wheat genome information. Plant Cell Physiol 53:e2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Edwards D, Wilcox S, Barrero RA, Fleury D, Cavanagh CR, Forrest KL, Hayden MJ, Moolhuijzen P, Keeble-Gagnère G, Bellgard MI, Lorenc MT, Shang CA, Baumann U, Taylor JM, Morell MK, Langridge P, Appels R, Fitzgerald A (2012) Bread matters: a national initiative to profile the genetic diversity of Australian wheat. Plant Biotechnol J 10:703–708

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Jewell E, Robinson A, Savage D, Erwin T, Love CG, Lim GAC, Li X, Batley J, Spangenberg GC, Edwards D (2006) SSRPrimer and SSR taxonomy tree: biome SSR discovery. Nucleic Acids Res 34:W656–W659

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Robinson AJ, Love CG, Batley J, Barker G, Edwards D (2004) Simple sequence repeat marker loci discovery using SSR primer. Bioinformatics 20:1475–1476

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Batley J, Hopkins CJ, Cogan NOI, Hand M, Jewell E, Kaur J, Kaur S, Li X, Ling AE, Love C, Mountford H, Todorovic M, Vardy M, Walkiewicz M, Spangenberg GC, Edwards D (2007) Identification and characterization of simple sequence repeat markers from Brassica napus expressed sequences. Mol Ecol Notes 7:886–889

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Hopkins CJ, Cogan NOI, Hand M, Jewell E, Kaur J, Li X, Lim GAC, Ling AE, Love C, Mountford H, Todorovic M, Vardy M, Spangenberg GC, Edwards D, Batley J (2007) Sixteen new simple sequence repeat markers from Brassica juncea expressed sequences and their cross-species amplification. Mol Ecol Notes 7:697–700

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ling AE, Kaur J, Burgess B, Hand M, Hopkins CJ, Li X, Love CG, Vardy M, Walkiewicz M, Spangenberg G, Edwards D, Batley J (2007) Characterization of simple sequence repeat markers derived in silico from Brassica rapa bacterial artificial chromosome sequences and their application in Brassica napus. Mol Ecol Notes 7:273–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Jayashree B, Buhariwalla HK, Shinde S, Crouch JH (2005) A legume genommics resource: the chickpea root expressed sequence tag database. Electron J Biotechnol 8:128–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Azam S, Thakur V, Ruperao P, Shah T, Balaji J, Amindala B, Farmer AD, Studholme DJ, May GD, Edwards D, Jones JD, Varshney RK (2012) Coverage-based consensus calling (CbCC) of short sequence reads and comparison of CbCC results to identify SNPs in chickpea (Cicer arietinum; Fabaceae), a crop species without a reference genome. Am J Bot 99:186–192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Cheng F, Liu S, Wu J, Fang L, Sun S, Liu B, Li P, Hua W, Wang X, Cheng F, Liu SY, Wu J, Fang L, Sun SL, Liu B, Li PX, Hua W, Wang XW (2011) BRAD, the genetics and genomics database for Brassica plants. BMC Plant Biol 11:136

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Karsch-Mizrachi I, Nakamura Y, Cochrane G (2012) The international nucleotide sequence database collaboration. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D33–D37

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Benson DA, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman DJ, Ostell J, Sayers EW (2009) GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res 37:26–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Wheeler DL, Barrett T, Benson DA, Bryant SH, Canese K, Chetvernin V, Church DM, DiCuccio M, Edgar R, Federhen S, Feolo M, Geer LY, Helmberg W, Kapustin Y, Khovayko O, Landsman D, Lipman DJ, Madden TL, Maglott DR, Miller V, Ostell J, Pruitt KD, Schuler GD, Shumway M, Sequeira E, Sherry ST, Sirotkin K, Souvorov A, Starchenko G, Tatusov RL, Tatusova TA, Wagner L, Yaschenko E (2008) Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information. Nucleic Acids Res 36:D13–D21

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Gonzales MD, Gajendran K, Farmer AD, Archuleta E, Beavis WD (2007) Leveraging model legume information to find candidate genes for soybean sudden death syndrome using the legume information system. In: Edwards D (ed) Methods in molecular biology. Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp 245–259

    Google Scholar 

  79. Gonzales MD, Archuleta E, Farmer A, Gajendran K, Grant D, Shoemaker R, Beavis WD, Waugh ME (2005) The legume information system (LIS): an integrated information resource for comparative legume biology. Nucleic Acids Res 33:D660–D665

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Schaeffer ML, Harper LC, Gardiner JM, Andorf CM, Campbell DA, Cannon EK, Sen TZ, Lawrence CJ (2011) MaizeGDB: curation and outreach go hand-in-hand. Database (Oxford) 2011, bar022

    Google Scholar 

  81. Lawrence CJ (2007) MaizeGDB – the maize genetics and genomics database. In: Edwards D (ed) Methods in molecular biology. Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp 331–345

    Google Scholar 

  82. Lawrence CJ, Schaeffer ML, Seigfried TE, Campbell DA, Harper LC (2007) MaizeGDB's new data types, resources and activities. Nucleic Acids Res 35:D895–D900

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Canaran P, Buckler ES, Glaubitz JC, Stein L, Sun Q, Zhao W, Ware D (2008) Panzea: an update on new content and features. Nucleic Acids Res 36:D1041–D1043

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Grant D, Nelson RT, Cannon SB, Shoemaker RC (2010) SoyBase, the USDA-ARS soybean genetics and genomics database. Nucleic Acids Res 38:D843–D846

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Wegrzyn J, Main D, Figueroa B, Choi M, Yu J, Neale D, Jung S, Lee T, Stanton M, Zheng P, Ficklin S, Cho I, Peace C, Evans K, Volk G, Oraguzie N, Chen C, Olmstead M, Gmitter G, Abbott A (2012) Uniform standards for genome databases in forest and fruit trees. Tree Genet Genomes 8:1–2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Tree fruit Genome Database Resources (tfGDR) (2002) Washington State University, Pullman, WA. http://www.tfgdr.org

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Edwards .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Lai, K., Lorenc, M.T., Edwards, D. (2015). Molecular Marker Databases. In: Batley, J. (eds) Plant Genotyping. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1245. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1965-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1966-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics