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Infant and Preschool Pulmonary Function Tests

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Diagnostic Tests in Pediatric Pulmonology

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

Abstract

Heightened awareness of the relevance of early lung development on subsequent lung health and the need to identify lung disease before changes become irreversible, has resulted in increased efforts to monitor lung function from birth and throughout the preschool years. International collaborative efforts to adapt techniques and develop standardized protocols, together with increased availability of appropriate commercial devices mean that it is now possible to perform a wide range of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in infants and preschool children less than 6 years of age. The aims of this chapter are to (a) briefly describe which PFTs can be performed in spontaneously breathing sleeping infants and awake preschool children using commercially available equipment, (b) discuss how to interpret PFTs in children under 5 years, and (c) consider the extent to which these tests might contribute to clinical management of infants and preschool children.

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Abbreviations

ATS/ERS:

American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society

BDR:

Bronchodilator responsiveness

BPD:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

CF:

Cystic fibrosis

Crs:

Respiratory compliance

FEFV:

Forced expiratory flow volume

FEV0.5 :

Forced expired volume in 0.5 s

FRC:

Functional residual capacity

FVC:

Forced vital capacity

LCI:

Lung clearance index

LLN:

Lower limit of normal

MBW:

Multiple breath washout

PFT:

Pulmonary function test

QC:

Quality control

Rint:

Interrupter resistance

RR:

Respiratory rate

Rrs:

Respiratory resistance

SDS:

Standard deviation score (also known as Z-score)

SOT:

Single occlusion technique

sRaw:

Specific airways resistance

tPTEF/tE:

Time to reach peak tidal expiratory flow as a ratio of expiratory time

ULN:

Upper limit of normal

VT:

Tidal volume

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia Section, UCL, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London, WC1N 1EH, UK

    Janet Stocks Ph.D.

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  1. Janet Stocks Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Janet Stocks Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

    Stephanie D. Davis

  2. Respiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Dept. Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Ernst Eber

  3. Division of Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center/George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Anastassios C. Koumbourlis

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Stocks, J. (2015). Infant and Preschool Pulmonary Function Tests. In: Davis, S., Eber, E., Koumbourlis, A. (eds) Diagnostic Tests in Pediatric Pulmonology. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1801-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1801-0_8

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1800-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1801-0

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