Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neuro-Ophthalmologic Evaluation of the Orbit

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Orbital Tumors

Abstract

Diseases of the orbit present with typical orbital localizing findings including proptosis, lid findings (e.g., edema, retraction, ptosis), visual loss (e.g., optic neuropathy), external signs (e.g., palpable mass), or restrictive or paretic ophthalmoplegia. The clinician dealing with orbital disease should be aware, however, that neuro-ophthalmic disease can coexist with orbital disorders; that orbital findings may be the presenting signs of systemic or neurological conditions; and that certain key portions of the neuro-ophthalmic exam should be performed in selected cases of orbital disease. This chapter discusses the major neuro-ophthalmologic features of orbital disease and the common neuro-ophthalmic pathology of the orbit that may mimic tumors. The orbital tumors are not discussed in detail; instead a review of the tumors of the optic nerve with special emphasis on optic nerve glioma and meningioma is included.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chung EM, Smirniotopoulos JG, Specht CS, Schroeder JW, Cube R. From the archives of the AFIP: pediatric orbit tumors and tumorlike lesions: nonosseous lesions of the extraocular orbit. Radiographics. 2007;27:1777–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lipton S, Schwab P. Neoplasm mimics of rheumatologic presentations: sialadenitis, ocular masquerade syndromes, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and regional pain syndromes. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2011;37:623–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cline RA, Rootman J. Enophthalmos: a clinical review. Ophthalmology. 1984;91:229–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Huna-Baron R, Setton A, Kupersmith MJ, Berenstein A. Orbital arteriovenous malformation mimicking cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous malformation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:771–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. De La Paz MA, Boniuk M. Fundus manifestations of orbital disease and treatment of orbital disease. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;40:3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Daumerie C, Duprez T, Boschi A. Long-term multidisciplinary follow-up of unilateral thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Eur J Intern Med. 2008;19:531–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. McKeag D, Lane C, Lazarus JH, et al. Clinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) survey. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:455–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Patrinely JR, Osborn AG, Anderson RL, et al. Computed tomographic features of non-thyroid extraocular muscle enlargement. Ophthalmology. 1989;96:1038–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Katz B, Leja S, Melles RB, et al. Amyloid ophthalmoplegia. Ophthalmoparesis secondary to primary systemic amyloidosis. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1989;9:39–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Nishino H, Rubino FA, DeRemee RA, et al. Neurologic involvement in Wegener’s granulomatosis: an analysis of 324 consecutive cases at the Mayo Clinic. Ann Neurol. 1993;33:4–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Capone Jr A, Slamovits TL. Discrete metastasis of solid tumors to extraocular muscles. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:237–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Dal Pozzo G, Boschi MC. Extraocular muscle enlargement in acromegaly. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1982;6:796–807.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bagheri A, Aletaha M, Salour H, et al. Orbital paraganglioma presenting as lateral rectus enlargement and its novel management: a case report and review of literature. Orbit. 2012;31:256–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hornblass A, Jakobiec FA, Reifler DM, et al. Orbital lymphoid tumors located predominantly within extraocular muscles. Ophthalmology. 1984;94:688–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mehta P, Chickadasarahally S, Hedley N, Ahluwalia H. Extraocular muscle enlargement as a paraneoplastic effect of breast carcinoma in a male patient. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;27:e146–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Goldberg S, Mahadevia P, Lipton M, Rosenbaum PS. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy involving orbit: reversal of compressive optic neuropathy after chemotherapy. J Neuroophthalmol. 1998;18:270–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Badilla J, Dolman PJ. Orbital myositis involving the oblique muscles associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;23:411–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cornblath WT, Elner V, Rolfe M. Extraocular muscle involvement in sarcoidosis. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:501–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Simon EM, Zoarski GH, Rothman ML, et al. Systemic sarcoidosis with bilateral orbital involvement. MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:336–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Carmody RF, Mafee MF, Goodwin JA, et al. Orbital and optic pathway sarcoidosis: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:775–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Prasad R, Bagri N, Mishra OP, Singh MK. Proptosis of eyeball in children with medial rectus cysticercosis: report of 2 cases. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2010;20:240–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lee AG, Tang RA, Feldon SE, et al. Orbital presentations of giant cell arteritis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2001;239:509–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Falavarjani KG, Sanjari MS. Detection of mild papilloedema using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(10):1355–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. de Alba Campomanes AG, Larson DA, Horton JC. Immediate shrinkage of optociliary shunt vessels after fractionated external beam radiation for meningioma of the optic nerve sheath. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1360–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Thiagalingam S, Flaherty M, Billson F, North K. Neurofibromatosis type 1 and optic pathway gliomas: follow-up of 54 patients. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:568–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Arun D, Gutmann DH. Recent advances in neurofibromatosis type 1. Curr Opin Neurol. 2004;17:101–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Listernick R, Ferner RE, Liu GT, Gutmann DH. Optic pathway gliomas in neurofibromatosis-1: controversies and recommendations. Ann Neurol. 2007;61:189–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shapey J, Danesh-Meyer HV, Kaye AH. Diagnosis and management of optic nerve glioma. J Clin Neurosci. 2011;18:1585–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Listernick R, Ferner RE, Piersall L, Sharif S, Gutmann DH, Charrow J. Late-onset optic pathway tumors in children with neurofibromatosis 1. Neurology. 2004;63:1944–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Miller NR. Primary tumours of the optic nerve and its sheath. Eye (Lond). 2004;18:1026–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Taylor T, Jaspan T, Milano G, et al. Radiological classification of optic pathway gliomas: experience of a modified functional classification system. Br J Radiol. 2008;81:761–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zoeller GK, Brathwaite CD, Sandberg DI. Malignant transformation of an optic pathway glioma without prior radiation therapy. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2010;5:507–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Opocher E, Kremer LC, Da Dalt L, et al. Prognostic factors for progression of childhood optic pathway glioma: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42:1807–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Chateil JF, Soussotte C, Pedespan JM, et al. MRI and clinical differences between optic pathway tumours in children with and without neurofibromatosis. Br J Radiol. 2001;74:24–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Levin LA, Jakobiec FA. Optic nerve tumors of childhood: a decision-analytical approach to their diagnosis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1992;32:223–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Listernick R, Charrow J, Greenwald M. Emergence of optic pathway gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis type I after normal neuroimaging results. J Pediatr. 1992;121:584–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Liu GT, Lessell S. Spontaneous visual improvement in chiasmal gliomas. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992;114:193–201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Parsa CF, Hoyt CS, Lesser RL, et al. Spontaneous regression of optic gliomas. Thirteen cases documented by serial neuroimaging. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:516–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Créange A, Zeller J, Rostaing-Rigattieri S, et al. Neurological complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 in adulthood. Brain. 1999;122:473–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Deliganis AV, Geyer JR, Berger MS. Prognostic significance of type I neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen disease) in childhood optic glioma. Neurosurgery. 1996;38:1114–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Imes RK, Hoyt WF. Magnetic resonance imaging signs of optic nerve gliomas in neurofibromatosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;111:729–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Cummings TJ, Provenzale JM, Hunter SB, et al. Gliomas of the optic nerve: histological, immunohistochemical (MIB-1 and p53), and MRI analysis. Acta Neuropathol. 2000;99:563–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Lee AG, Dutton J. A practice pathway for the management of gliomas of the anterior visual pathway: an update and an evidence- based approach. Neuroophthalmology. 1999;22:139–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Jans AJ, Grundy R, Caan A, et al. Optic pathway and hypothalamic/chiasmatic gliomas in children younger than 5 years with a 6-year follow-up. Cancer. 1995;75:1052–9.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Riva D, Massimino M, Giorgi C, et al. Cognition before and after chemotherapy alone in children with chiasmatic-hypothalamic tumors. J Neurooncol. 2009;92:49–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Moreno L, Bautista F, Ashley S, Duncan C, Zacharoulis S. Does chemotherapy affect the visual outcome in children with optic pathway glioma? A systematic review of the evidence. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46:2253–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kelly JP, Leary S, Khanna P, Weiss AH. Longitudinal measures of visual function, tumor volume, and prediction of visual outcomes after treatment of optic pathway gliomas. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:1231–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Gnekow AK, Falkenstein F, von Hornstein S, et al. Long-term follow-up of the multicenter, multidisciplinary treatment study HIT-LGG-1996 for low-grade glioma in children and adolescents of the German Speaking Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology. Neuro Oncol. 2012;14:1265–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Shofty B, Ben-Sira L, Freedman S, et al. Visual outcome following chemotherapy for progressive optic pathway gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;57:481–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Avery RA, Ferner RE, Listernick R, Fisher MJ, Gutmann DH, Liu GT. Visual acuity in children with low grade gliomas of the visual pathway: implications for patient care and clinical research. J Neurooncol. 2012;110:1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Stieber VW. Radiation therapy for visual pathway tumors. J Neuroophthalmol. 2008;28:222–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Jahraus CD, Tarbell NJ. Optic pathway gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006;46:586–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Hill JD, Rhee MS, Edwards JR, Hagen MC, Fulkerson DH. Spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage from low-grade optic glioma: case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012;28:327–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Gayre GS, Scott IU, Feuer W, et al. Long-term visual outcome in patients with anterior visual pathway gliomas. J Neuroophthalmol. 2001;21:1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Grill J, Couanet D, Cappelli C, et al. Radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy in children with neurofibromatosis and optic pathway glioma. Ann Neurol. 1999;45:393–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kestle JRW, Hoffman HJ, Mock AR. Moya moya phenomenon after radiation for optic glioma. J Neurosurg. 1993;79:32–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Wabbels B, Demmler A, Seitz J, Woenckhaus M, Bloss HG, Lorenz B. Unilateral adult malignant optic nerve glioma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2004;242:741–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Wiemels J, Wrensch M, Claus EB. Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma. J Neurooncol. 2010;99:307–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Tanghe HL, et al. Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1821–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Niiro M, Yatsushiro K, Nakamura K, Kawahara Y, Kuratsu J. Natural history of elderly patients with asymptomatic meningiomas. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68:25–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Bloch O, Kaur G, Jian BJ, Parsa AT, Barani IJ. Stereotactic radiosurgery for benign meningiomas. J Neurooncol. 2012;107:13–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Korah MP, Nowlan AW, Johnstone PA, Crocker IR. Radiation therapy alone for imaging-defined meningiomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76:181–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Minniti G, Amichetti M, Enrici RM. Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for benign skull base meningiomas. Radiat Oncol. 2009;4:42.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Milker-Zabel S, Zabel A, Schulz-Ertner D, et al. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with benign or atypical intracranial meningioma: long-term experience and prognostic factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;61:809–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Cunliffe IA, Moffat DA, Hardy DG, Moore AT. Bilateral optic nerve sheath meningiomas in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 2. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;76:310–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Garrity JA, Trautmann JC, Bartley GB, et al. Optic nerve sheath meningoceles. Clinical and radiographic features in 13 cases with a review of the literature. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:1519–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Turbin RE, Thompson CR, Kennerdell JS, et al. A long-term visual outcome comparison in patients with optic nerve sheath meningioma managed with observation, surgery, radiotherapy, or surgery and radiotherapy. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:890–9. discussion 899–900.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Lee AG, Woo SY, Miller NR, et al. Improvement in visual function in an eye with a presumed optic nerve sheath meningioma after treatment with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. J Neuroophthalmol. 1996;16:247–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Mafee MF, Goodwin J, Dorodi S. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas. Role of MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 1999;37:37–58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Muci-Mendoza R, Arevalo JF, Ramella M, et al. Optociliary veins in optic nerve sheath meningioma. Indocyanine green videoangiography findings. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:311–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Wroe SJ, Thompson AJ, McDonald WI. Painful intraorbital meningiomas. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991;54:1009–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Zimmerman CF, Schatz NJ, Glaser JS. Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve meningiomas. Enhancement with gadolinium- DTPA. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:585–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Arvold ND, Lessell S, Bussiere M, et al. Visual outcome and tumor control after conformal radiotherapy for patients with optic nerve sheath meningioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;75:1166–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Berman D, Miller NR. New concepts in the management of optic nerve sheath meningiomas. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2006;35:168–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Lesser RL, Knisely JP, Wang SL, Yu JB, Kupersmith MJ. Long-term response to fractionated radiotherapy of presumed optic nerve sheath meningioma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94:559–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Milker-Zabel S, Huber P, Schlegel W, et al. Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy in the management of primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas. J Neurooncol. 2009;94:419–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Saeed P, Blank L, Selva D, et al. Primary radiotherapy in progressive optic nerve sheath meningiomas: a long-term follow-up study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94:564–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Camera A, Piccirillo G, Cennamo G, et al. Optic nerve involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 1993;11:153–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Park KL, Goins KM. Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the orbit associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;116:111–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Nakajima T, Kumabe T, Jokura H, Yoshimoto T. Recurrent germinoma in the optic nerve: report of two cases. Neurosurgery. 2001;48:214–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Lee AG, Phillips PH, Newman NJ, et al. Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Neuroophthalmol. 1997;17:183–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Kattah JC, Chrousos GC, Roberts J, et al. Metastatic prostate cancer to the optic canal. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:1711–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Newman NJ, Grossniklaus HE, Wojno TH. Breast carcinoma metastatic to the optic nerve. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:102–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Aarabi B, Haghshenas M, Rakeii V. Visual failure caused by suprasellar extramedullary hematopoiesis in beta thalassemia: case report. Neurosurgery. 1998;42:922–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Schaffler GJ, Simbrunner J, Lechner H, et al. Idiopathic sclerotic inflammation of the orbit with left optic nerve compression in a patient with multifocal fibrosclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:194–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Belden CJ, Hamed LM, Mancuso AA. Bilateral isolated retrobulbar opticneuropathy in limited Wegener’s granulomatosis. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1993;13:119–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Chen YR, Breidahl A, Chang CN. Optic nerve decompression in fibrous dysplasia: indications, efficacy, and safety. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;99:22–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Botella C, Orozco M, Navarro J, Riesgo P. Idiopathic chronic hypertrophic craniocervical pachymeningitis: case report. Neurosurgery. 1994;35:1144–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Balch K, Phillips PH, Newman NJ. Painless orbital apex syndrome from mucormycosis. J Neuroophthalmol. 1997;17:178–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Gurha N, Sood A, Dhar J, Gupta S. Optic nerve cysticercosis in the optic canal. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77:107–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Hutnik CML, Nicolle DA, Munoz DG. Orbital aspergillosis. A fatal masquerader. J Neuroophthalmol. 1997;17:257–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Hao SP. Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus with acute bilateral blindness: report of two cases. J Formos Med Assoc. 1994;93:519–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Brown P, Demaerel P, McNaught A, et al. Neuro-ophthalmological presentation of non-invasive Aspergillus sinus disease in the non-immunocompromised host. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57:234–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Aylward GW, Sullivan TJ, Garner A, et al. Orbital involvement in multifocal fibrosclerosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79:246–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Michael CB, Lee AG, Patrinely JR, et al. Visual loss associated with fibrous dysplasia of the anterior skull base. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2000;92:350–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Katz BJ, Nerad JA. Ophthalmic manifestations of fibrous dysplasia. A disease of children and adults. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:2207–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Edelstein C, Goldberg RA, Rubino G. Unilateral blindness after ipsilateral prophylactic transcranial optic canal decompression for fibrous dysplasia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;126:469–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Amrith S, Baratham G, Khoo CY, et al. Spontaneous hematic cysts of the orbit presenting with acute proptosis. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990;6:273–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Moorthy RS, Yung CW, Nunery WR, et al. Spontaneous orbital subperiosteal hematomas in patients with liver disease. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;8:150–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Kazim M, Kennerdell JS, Rothfus W, Marquardt M. Orbital lymphangioma. Correlation of magnetic resonance images and intraoperative findings. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1588–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Wright JE, Sullivan TJ, Garner A, Wulc AE, Moseley IF. Orbital venous anomalies. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:905–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Dutton JJ, Tse DT, Anderson RL. Compressive optic neuropathy following use of intracraniaI oxidized cellulose hemostat. Ophthalmic Surg. 1983;14:487–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Carter K, Lee AG, Tang RA, et al. Neuro-ophthalmologic complications of sinus surgery. Neuroophthalmology. 1998;19:75–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Buus DR, Tse DT, Farris BK. Ophthalmic complications of sinus surgery. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:612–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Dario A, Iadini A, Cerati M, Marra A. Malignant optic glioma of adulthood. Case report and review of the literature. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999;100:350–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Methodist Eye Associates, Houston Methodist Hospital, Scurlock Tower, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 450, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Andrew G. Lee M.D.

  2. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA

    Andrew G. Lee M.D.

  3. Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    David A. Gersztenkorn M.D.

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    David A. Gersztenkorn M.D.

Authors
  1. Andrew G. Lee M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David A. Gersztenkorn M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrew G. Lee M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

    Zeynel A. Karcioglu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lee, A.G., Gersztenkorn, D.A. (2015). Neuro-Ophthalmologic Evaluation of the Orbit. In: Karcioglu, Z. (eds) Orbital Tumors. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1510-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1510-1_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1509-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1510-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation