Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vascular Tumors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Orbital Tumors

Abstract

Vascular tumors and malformations of the orbit comprise an important group of orbital space-occupying lesions. Reviews indicate that vascular lesions account for 6.2–12.0 % of all histopathologically documented orbital space-occupying lesions (Table 14.1) [1–5]. There is ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence that capillary and cavernous hemangiomas, lymphangioma, and other vascular lesions are of different nosologic origins, yet in many patients these entities coexist. Hence, some prefer to use a single umbrella term, “vascular hamartomatous lesions” to identify these masses, with the qualification that, in a given case, one tissue element may predominate [6]. For example, an “infantile hemangioma” may contain a few caverns or intertwined abnormal blood vessels, but its predominating component is usually capillary hemangioma. This nomenclature does not cover all bases either; it should be noted that although many vascular lesions are made of multiple histopathologic types, all are not. For instance, although caverns lined by endothelial cells are seen in many vascular lesions, no other tissue element is encountered with the classic intraconal “cavernous hemangioma.” In this chapter, the time-honored terminology is used to review cavernous hemangioma, capillary hemangioma, lymphangioma, orbital varix, hemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma, intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), vascular leiomyoma, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE), and Kimura disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Shields JA, Bakewell B, Augsburger JJ, Flanagan JC. Classification and incidence of space-occupying lesions of the orbit. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102:1606–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Henderson JW, Campbell RJ, Farrow GM, Garrity JA. Orbital tumors. New York: Raven; 1994. p. 43–52.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Günalp I, Gündüz K. Biopsy-proven orbital lesions in Turkey. A survey of 1092 cases over 30 years. Orbit. 1994;13:67–79.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Seregard S, Sahlin S. Panorama of orbital space-occupying lesions. The 24-year experience of a referral center. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77:91–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sen DK. Aetiological pattern of orbital tumors in India and their clinical presentations. A 20-year retrospective study. Orbit. 1990;9:299–302.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Harris GJ. Orbital vascular malformations: a consensus statement on terminology and its clinical implications. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:453–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wright JE, Sullivan TJ, Garner A. Orbital venous anomalies. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:905–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Buggage RR, Spraul CW, Wojno TH, Grossniklaus HE. Kimura disease of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999;44:79–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rootman J, Hay E, Graeb D, et al. Orbital-adnexal lymphangiomas. A spectrum of hemodynamically isolated vascular hamartomas. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:1558–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Slem G, Ilcayto R. Hemangioma of the lacrimal gland in an adult. Ann Ophthalmol. 1972;1:77–8.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Madge SN, Simon S, Abidin Z, Ghabrial R, Davis G, McNab A, Selva D. Primary orbital intraosseous hemangioma. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;25(1):37–41. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e318192a27e.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sweet C, Silbergleit R, Mehta B. Primary intraosseous hemangioma of the orbit. CT and MR appearance. Am J Neuroradiol. 1997;18:379–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Harris GJ, Jakobiec FA. Cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. J Neurosurg. 1979;51:219–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brown GC, Shields JA. Amaurosis fugax secondary to presumed cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. Ann Ophthalmol. 1981;13:1205–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Leib ML. Orbital masquerade: hyperthyroidism and cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77:676–7.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Henderson JW, Campbell RJ, Farrow GM, Garrity JA. Orbital tumors. New York: Raven; 1994. p. 89–118.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sullivan TJ, Aylward GW, Wright JE, et al. Bilateral multiple cavernous hemangiomas of the orbit. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;76:627–9.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Mojon D, odel JG, Rios R, Hirano M. Presumed orbital hemangioma associated with the blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:618–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Iwamoto T, Jacobiec FA. Ultrastructural comparison of capillary and cavernous hemagiomas of the orbit. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;97:1144–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Henderson JW, Farrow GM, Garrity JA. Clinical course of an incompletely removed cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:625–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hurwitz JJ, Mishkin SK. The value of cryoprobe-assisted removal of orbital tumors. Ophthalmic Surg. 1988;19:94–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wu J, Lai TF, Leibovitch I, Selva D. Persistent posterior globe flattening after orbital cavernous haemangioma excision. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2005;33(4):424–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Rootman DB, Rootman J, Gregory S, Feldman KA, Ma R. Stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy for cavernous venous malformations (hemangioma) of the orbit. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;28(2):96–102. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e31824a48f3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Yue H, Qian J, Elner VM, et al. Treatment of orbital vascular malformations with intralesional injection of pingyangmycin. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(6):739–45. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302900.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Haik BG, Jakobiec FA, Ellsworth RM, Jones IS. Capillary hemangioma of the lids and orbit: an analysis of the clinical features and therapeutic results in 101 cases. Ophthalmology. 1979;86:760–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Haik BG, Karcioglu ZA, Gordon RA, Pechous B. Capillary hemangioma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994;38:399–426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Stigmar G, Crawford JS, Ward CM, Thomson HG. Ophthalmic sequelae of infantile hemangiomas of the eyelids and orbit. Am J Ophthalmol. 1978;85:806–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Blaniuk LT. Orbital vascular lesions. Role of imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 1999;37:169–83.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kushner BJ. Intralesional corticosteroid injection for infantile adnexal hemangioma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;93:496–506.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Egbert JE, Paul S, Engel K, Summers G. High injection pressure during intralesional injection of corticosteroids into capillary hemangiomas. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:677–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Shorr N, Seiff SR. Central retinal artery occlusion associated with periocular corticosteroid injection for juvenile hemangioma. Ophthalmic Surg. 1986;17:229–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Townshend LM, Buckley EG. Linear subcutaneous fat atrophy after a single corticosteroid injection for ocular adnexal hemangioma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990;109:102–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sutula FC, Glover AT. Eyelid necrosis following intralesional corticosteroid injection for capillary hemangioma. Ophthalmic Surg. 1987;18:103–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. DeVenecia G, Lobeck CC. Successful treatment of eyelid hemangioma with prednisone. Arch Ophthalmol. 1970;84:98–102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Loughnan MS, Elder J, Kemp A. Treatment of massive orbitocapillary hemangioma with interferon alfa-2b: short-term results. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110:1366–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chang E, Boyd A, Nelson CC, et al. Successful treatment of infantile hemangiomas with interferon-alpha-2b. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1997;19:237–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Aldave AJ, Shields CL, Shields JA. Surgical excision of selected amblyogenic periorbital capillary hemangiomas. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1999;30:754–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kennedy RE. Arterial embolization of orbital hemangiomas. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1978;76:266–75.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Krastinova-Lolov D, Roddi R. An intracranial/extracranial approach for the surgical management of hemangiomas of the orbit and eyelid. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1989;17:197–205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Burstein FD, Simms C, Cohen SR, et al. Intralesional laser therapy of extensive hemangiomas in 100 consecutive pediatric patients. Ann Plast Surg. 2000;44:188–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Clymer MA, Fortune S, Reinisch L, et al. Interstitial Nd:YAG photocoagulation for vascular malformations and hemangiomas in childhood. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;124:431–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Missoi TG, Lueder GT, Gilbertson K, Bayliss SJ. Oral propranolol for treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129(7):899–903. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.40. Epub 2011 Mar 14.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Thoumazet F, Léauté-Labrèze C, Colin J, Mortemousque B. Efficacy of systemic propranolol for severe infantile haemangioma of the orbit and eyelid: a case study of eight patients. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(3):370–4. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300047.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bang GM, Setabutr P. Periocular capillary hemangiomas: Indications and options for treatment. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2010;17:121–8.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Tunç M, Sadri E, Char DH. Orbital lymphangioma: an analysis of 26 cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83:76–80.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Shields JA. Diagnosis and management of orbital tumors. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1989. p. 149–69.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Dryden RM, Wulc AE, Day D. Eyelid ecchymosis and proptosis in lymphangioma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;100:486–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hemmer KM, Marsh JL, Milder B. Orbital lymphangioma. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988;82:340–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Selva D, Strianese D, Bonavolonta G, Rootman J. Orbital venous-lymphatic malformations (lymphangioma) mimicking cavernous hemangioma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131:364–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Vaccharajani A, Paes B. Orbital lymphangioma with noncontiguous cerebral arteriovenous malformation, manifesting with thrombocytopenia (Kasabach–Merritt syndrome) and intracerebral hemorrhage. Acta Paediatr. 2002;91:98–9.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Brooks SE, Pillal JJ, Harshivinderjit B. Orbital cellulites due to occult orbital lymphangioma. South Med J. 2001;94:532–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Bond JB, Haik BG, Taveras JL, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of orbital lymphangioma with and without gadolinium contrast enhancement. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1318–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gündüz K, Kurt RA, Erden E. Atypical well-circumscribed orbital venous-lymphatic malformations with atypical features in children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93:656–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Gündüz K, Demirel S, Yağmurlu B, Erden E. Correlation of surgical outcome with neuroimaging findings in periocular lymphangiomas. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1231–6. (1231.e1-8). EPub 2006 May 26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Kennerdell JS, Maroon JC, Garrity JA, Abla AA. Surgical management of orbital lymphangioma with the carbon dioxide laser. Am J Ophthalmol. 1986;102:308–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Esmaeli B, Prieto VG, Gonnering R, et al. Growth factor receptor expression in orbital lymphangioma: possible therapeutic implications. Orbit. 2004;23:263–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Schwarcz RM, Ben Simon GJ, Cook T, Goldberg RA. Sclerosing therapy as first line treatment for low flow vascular lesions of the orbit. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141(2):333–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Hill 3rd RH, Shiels 2nd WE, Foster JA, Czyz CN, Stacey A, Everman KR, Cahill KV. Percutaneous drainage and ablation as first line therapy for macrocystic and microcystic orbital lymphatic malformations. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;28(2):119–25. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e318242ab0f.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Maruani A, Brown S, Lorette G, et al. Lack of effect of propranolol in the treatment of lymphangioma in two children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30(3):383–5. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01864.x.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Bullock JD, Goldberg SH, Connelly PJ. Orbital varix thrombosis. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:251–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Foroozan R, Shields CL, Shields JA, et al. Congenital orbital varices causing extreme neonatal proptosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129:693–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Shields JA, Dolinskas C, Augsburger JJ, et al. Demonstration of orbital varix with computed tomography and valsalva maneuver. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984;97:108–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Shimura M, Kiyosawa M, Aikawa H, et al. Spontaneous orbital hemorrhage in adult females. Ophthalmologica. 1992;205:149–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Vignaud J, Clay C, Bilaniuk LT. Venography of the orbit. Radiology. 1974;110:373–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lieb WE, Merton DA, Shields JA. Color Doppler imaging in the demonstration of an orbital varix. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990;74: 305–8.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Takechi A, Uozumi T, Kiya K, et al. Embolization of orbital varix. Neuroradiology. 1994;36:487–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Couch SM, Garrity JA, Cameron JD, Cloft HJ. Embolization of orbital varices with N-butyl cyanoacrylate as an aid in surgical excision: results of 4 cases with histopathologic examination. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148(4):614–8.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2009.04.024.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Stout AP, Murray MR. Hemangiopericytoma: vascular tumor featuring Zimmermann’s pericytes. Ann Surg. 1942;116:26–33.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Sullivan TJ, Wright JE, Wulc AE, et al. Hemangiopericytoma of the orbit. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1992;20:325–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Karcioglu Z, Nasr AM, Haik BG. Orbital hemangiopericytoma: clinical and morphologic features. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124: 661–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Henderson JW, Farrow GM. Primary orbital hemangiopericytoma. An aggressive and potentially malignant neoplasm. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978;96:666–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Croxatto JO, Font RL. Hemangiopericytoma of the orbit. A clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. Hum Pathol. 1982;13:210–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Abe M, Hara Y, Ohnishi Y, et al. Case of primary orbital hemangiopericytoma. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1983;27:90–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Shields JA, Shields CL, Rashid RC. Clinicopathologic correlation of choroidal folds: secondary to massive cranioorbital hemangiopericytoma. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;8:62–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Papale JJ, Frederick AR, Albert DM. Intraocular hemangiopericytoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1983;101:1409–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Roth SI, August CZ, Lissner GS, O’Grady RB. Hemangiopericytoma of the lacrimal sac. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:925–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Boniuk M, Messmer EP, Font RL. Hemangiopericytoma of the meninges of the optic nerve: a clinicopathologic report including electron microscopic observations. Ophthalmology. 1985;92:1780–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Garrity JA, Kennerdell JS. Orbital calcification associated with hemangiopericytoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1986;102:126–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Miettinen M. Immunochemistry of soft tissue tumors. J Histopathol. 1999;22:219–27.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Goldsmith JD, van de Rijn M, Syed N. Orbital hemangiopericytoma and solitary fibrous tumor: a morphologic continuum. Int J Surg Pathol. 2001;9:295–302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Furusato E, Valenzuela IA, Fanburg-Smith JC, Auerbach A, Furusato B, Cameron JD, Rushing EJ. Orbital solitary fibrous tumor: encompassing terminology for hemangiopericytoma, giant cell angiofibroma, and fibrous histiocytoma of the orbit: reappraisal of 41 cases. Hum Pathol. 2011;42:120–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Setzkorn RK, Lee DJ, Iliff NT, Green R. Hemangiopericytoma of the orbit treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:1103–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Tijl JWM, Koornneef L, Blank LECM. Recurrent hemangiopericytoma and brachytherapy. Doc Ophthalmol. 1992;82:103–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Holden CA, Spittle MF, Jones EW. Angiosarcoma of the face and scalp: prognosis and treatment. Cancer. 1987;59:1046–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Lever WF, Schaumburg-Lever G. Histopathology of the skin. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1990. p. 708–11.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Burnstine MA, Fruch BR, Elner VM. Angiosarcoma metastatic to the orbit. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:93–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Bennett RG, Keller JW, Ditty Jr JF. Hemangiosarcoma subsequent to radiotherapy for a hemangioma in infancy. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1978;4:881–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Gündüz K, Shields JA, Shields CL, et al. Cutaneous angiosarcoma with eyelid involvement. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125:870–1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Lopes M, Duffau H, Fleuridas G. Primary spheno-orbital angiosarcoma: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 1999;44:405–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Messmer EP, Font RL, McCrary JA, Murphy D. Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the orbit presenting as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1983;90:1414–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Hufnagel T, Ma L, Kuo TT. Orbital angiosarcoma with subconjunctival presentation. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:72–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Font RL, Wheeler TM, Boniuk M. Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Arch Ophthalmol. 1983;101:1731–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Wolter JR, Lewis RG. Endovascular hemangioendothelioma of the eyelid. Am J Ophthalmol. 1974;78:727–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Weber FL, Babel J. Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the orbit. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981;65:18–22.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Patt S, Kaden B, Stoltenberg-Didinger G. Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia at the fissura orbitalis superior: a case report. Clin Neuropathol. 1992;11:128–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Shields JA, Shields CL, Eagle Jr RC, Diniz W. Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia with presumed bilateral orbital varices. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:1247–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Leonard TJK, Moseley IF, Sanders MD. Ophthalmoplegia in carotid cavernous sinus fistulas. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984;68:128–34.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Grove Jr AS. The dural shunt syndrome. Pathophysiology and clinical course. Ophthalmology. 1983;90:31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Ohtsuka K, Hashimoto M. Clinical findings in a patient with spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the orbit. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:736–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Guerry DP, Harbison JW, Wiesinger H. Bilateral choroidal detachment and fluctuating proptosis secondary to bilateral dural arteriovenous fistulas treated with transcranial orbital decompression with resolution: report of a case. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1975; 73:64–72.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. Keltner JL, Satterfield D, Dublin AB, Lee BCP. Dural and carotid cavernous sinus fistulas. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:1585–600.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Fourman S. Acute close-angle glaucoma after arteriovenous fistulas. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;107:156–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Bynke HG, Efsing HO. Carotid-cavernous fistula with contralateral exophthalmos. Acta Ophthalmol. 1970;48:971–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Tech KE, Becker CJ, Lazo A, et al. Anomalous intracranial venous drainage mimicking orbital or cavernous arteriovenous fistula. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16:171–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Busin M, Graefe C, Koch J. Arteriovenous fistula presenting as a tumor of the upper eyelid. Ophthalmic Surg. 1994;25:471–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Sergott RC, Grossman RI, Savino PJ, et al. The syndrome of paradoxical worsening of dural-cavernous sinus arteriovenous malformations. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:205–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Purcell JJ. The effect of unsuspected carotid-cavernous fistula in enucleation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1979;88:946–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Coskun O, Hamon M, Catroux G, et al. Carotid-cavernous fistulas: diagnosis with spiral CT angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:712–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Costa VP, Molnar LJ, Cerri GG. Diagnosing and monitoring carotid cavernous fistulas with color Doppler monitoring. J Clin Ultrasound. 1997;25:448–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Debrun GM. Endovascular management of carotid cavernous fistulas. In: Valvanis A, editor. Interventional neuroradiology. Berlin: Springer; 1993. p. 23–4.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Coca J, Romero R, Sanchez-Orgaz M, Arbizu A, Frutos-Martinez R, Fernandez-Prieto A, Marin-Aguilera B. Use of carotid compression in a patient with arteriovenous malformation. Orbit. 2013;32(1):63–6. doi:10.3109/01676830.2012.74721.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Gemmete JJ, Ansari SA, Gandhi DM. Endovascular techniques for treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula. J Neuroophthalmol. 2009;29(1):62–71. doi:10.1097/WNO.0b013e3181989fc0.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Ducruet AF, Albuquerque FC, Crowley RW, McDougall CG. The evolution of endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas: a single-center experience. World Neurosurg. 2013;80(5):538–48. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2013.02.033. pii: S1878-8750(13)00298-2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Hanneken AM, Miller NR, Debrun GM, Nauta HJW. Treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas using a detachable balloon catheter through the superior ophthalmic vein. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:87–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Naqvi J, Laitt R, Leatherbarrow B, Herwadkar A. A case of a spontaneous intraorbital arteriovenous fistula: clinico-radiological findings and treatment by transvenous embolisation via the superior ophthalmic vein. Orbit. 2013;32(2):124–6. doi:10.3109/01676830.2013.764444. Epub 2013 Feb 15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Benndorf G, Bender A, Campi A, Menneking H, Lanksch WR. Treatment of a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula by deep orbital puncture of the superior ophthalmic vein. Neuroradiology. 2001;43(6):499–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Goldberg RA, Goldey SH, Duckwiler G, Vinuela F. Management of cavernous sinus-dural fistulas. Indications and techniques for primary embolization via the superior ophthalmic vein. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:707–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Fernandes BF, Castiglione E, Belfort RN, Codère F, Burnier Jr MN. Orbital leiomyoma: histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings of a rare tumor. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;25(1):59–61. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e3181937bdb.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Jolly SS, Brownstein S, Jordan DR. Leiomyoma of the anterior orbit and eyelids. Can J Ophthalmol. 1995;30:366–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Jakobiec FA, Howard GM, Rosen M, Wolff M. Leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the orbit. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975;80: 1028–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Carrier DA, Mawad ME, Kirkpatrick JB. MR appearance of an orbital leiomyoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1993;14:473–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Kulkarni V, Rajshekhar V, Chandi SM. Orbital apex leiomyoma with intracranial extension. Surg Neurol. 2000;54:327–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Gündüz K, Gunalp I, Erden E, Erekul S. Orbital leiomyoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol. 2004;49:237–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. McEachren TM, Brownstein S, Jordan DR, et al. Epithelioid hemangioma of the orbit. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:806–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Sheren SB, Custer PL, Smith ME. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the orbit associated with obstructive airway disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;108:167–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Miettinen M. Diagnostic soft tissue pathology. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. p. 311–55.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Cook HT, Stafford ND. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia involving the lacrimal gland: case report. Br J Ophthalmol. 1988;72:710–2.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  128. Hidayat AA, Cameron JD, Font RL, Zimmerman LE. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura’s disease) of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;96:176–89.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Smith DL, Kincaid MC, Nicolitz E. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura’s disease) of the orbit. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106:793–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Farilya Business Center 8/50, Ufuk Üniversitesi Cad, Çukurambar, 06520, Ankara, Turkey

    Kaan Gündüz M.D.

  2. Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Emily Couric Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA

    Zeynel A. Karcioglu M.D.

Authors
  1. Kaan Gündüz M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zeynel A. Karcioglu M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kaan Gündüz M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

    Zeynel A. Karcioglu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gündüz, K., Karcioglu, Z.A. (2015). Vascular Tumors. In: Karcioglu, Z. (eds) Orbital Tumors. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1510-1_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1510-1_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1509-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1510-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation