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Ocular Toxicity

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Book cover In Vitro Toxicology Systems

Part of the book series: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology ((MIPT))

Abstract

The assessment of ocular toxicity (i.e., eye irritation and serious eye damage) is important to ensure the safety of products and their components used in our daily life. In several EU legislations related to chemicals and products, the generation of information on eye irritation and serious eye damage represents a standard requirement.

The traditional eye irritation test, also known as the Draize eye test, is performed on albino rabbits. Ethical and scientific considerations as well as legal requirements in EU legislations have triggered the development and validation of alternative methods to the Draize test. Since no in vitro test taken individually can nowadays fully replace the Draize eye test, testing schemes combining strengths of particular in vitro assays were proposed. The conceptual framework of testing strategies based on a Bottom-Up or Top-Down approach is described in this chapter. In addition, a summary of the most promising in vitro test methods as well as their validation and regulatory acceptance status is given. Finally some strategic proposals on the way forward in this area are made.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SeCAM Services and Consultation on Alternative Methods, 6982, Agno, Switzerland

    Chantra Eskes, Erwin van Vliet & Valérie Zuang

  2. European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Systems Toxicology Unit, TP 580, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, DG Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy

    Michael Schäffer & Valérie Zuang

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  1. Chantra Eskes
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  2. Erwin van Vliet
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  3. Michael Schäffer
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  4. Valérie Zuang
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Correspondence to Valérie Zuang .

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  1. European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Varese, Italy

    Anna Bal-Price

  2. Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

    Paul Jennings

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Eskes, C., van Vliet, E., Schäffer, M., Zuang, V. (2014). Ocular Toxicity. In: Bal-Price, A., Jennings, P. (eds) In Vitro Toxicology Systems. Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0521-8_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0521-8_8

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