Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the main synthetic techniques used to prepare supported metal nanoparticles for use in electrolytic cells (primarily fuel cells and electrolyzers). Each method provides a strategy which has the main goal of controlling particle size, alloy composition and catalyst distribution over the support material. As a consequence the reader is presented here with a general overview of the most common synthetic methods. Some of the more established procedures are now used industrially to produce large quantities of materials. This does not mean they are superior to the others, depending on the end application of the catalyst and the instrumentation available, one method may be advantageous over another. Therefore, the reader is advised to consider the intrinsic advantages and disadvantages of each method when selecting which to use. More recently methods have been developed to control structure on an atomic scale by the formation of surface defects such as twins or stacking faults that can lead to dramatic increases in activity. This will be covered in detail elsewhere.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
C. Bock, B. MacDougall, Y. LePage, J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A1269–A1278 (2004)
N. Alonso-Vante, Fuel Cells 6, 182–189 (2006)
A.J. Dickinson, L.P.L. Carrette, J.A. Collins, K.A. Friedrich, U. Stimming, Electrochim. Acta 47, 3733–3739 (2002)
M. Haruta, S. Tsubota, T. Kobayashi, H. Kageyama, M.J. Genet, B. Delmon, J. Catal. 144, 175–192 (1993)
G.Y. Chen, D.A. Delafuente, S. Sarangapani, T.E. Mallouk, Catal. Today 67, 341–355 (2001)
O.V. Cherstiouk, P.A. Simonov, V.I. Zaikovskii, E.R. Savinova, J. Electroanal. Chem. 554, 241–251 (2003)
C. Baatz, N. Decker, U. Prusse, J. Catal. 258, 165–169 (2008)
H.S. Liu, C.J. Song, L. Zhang, J.J. Zhang, H.J. Wang, D.P. Wilkinson, J. Power Sources 155, 95–110 (2006)
N. Fujiwara, K. Yasuda, T. Ioroi, Z. Siroma, Y. Miyazaki, Electrochim. Acta 47, 4079–4084 (2002)
B. Yang, Q.Y. Lu, Y. Wang, L. Zhuang, J.T. Lu, P.F. Liu, Chem. Mater. 15, 3552–3557 (2003)
E.V. Spinace, A.O. Neto, M. Linardi, J. Power Sources 124, 426–431 (2003)
J. Tayal, B. Rawat, S. Basu, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 37, 4597–4605 (2012)
M. Watanabe, M. Uchida, S. Motoo, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 229, 395–406 (1987)
T. Yoshitake, Y. Shimakawa, S. Kuroshima, H. Kimura, T. Ichihashi, Y. Kubo, D. Kasuya, K. Takahashi, F. Kokai, M. Yudasaka, S. Iijima, Phys. B 323, 124–126 (2002)
M.P. Pileni, Adv. Colloid Interfac. 46, 139–163 (1993)
L. Xiong, A. Manthiram, Solid State Ionics 176, 385–392 (2005)
D.R.M. Godoi, J. Perez, H.M. Villullas, J. Electrochem. Soc. 154, B474–B479 (2007)
S. Eriksson, U. Nylen, S. Rojas, M. Boutonnet, Appl. Catal. a-Gen. 265, 207–219 (2004)
V. Uskokovic, M. Drofenik, Adv. Colloid Interfac. 133, 23–34 (2007)
I. Lisiecki, M.P. Pileni, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 3887–3896 (1993)
J.S.F. Wang, H.B. Pan, C.M. Wai, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6, 2025–2030 (2006)
M.J. Escudero, E. Hontanon, S. Schwartz, M. Boutonnet, L. Daza, J. Power Sources 106, 206–214 (2002)
C.Z. Yang, N.K. van der Laak, K.Y. Chan, X. Zhang, Electrochim. Acta 75, 262–272 (2012)
J. Ahmed, K.V. Ramanujachary, S.E. Lofland, A. Furiato, G. Gupta, S.M. Shivaprasad, A.K. Ganguli, Colloid Surf. A 331, 206–212 (2008)
I. Capek, Adv. Colloid Interfac. 110, 49–74 (2004)
C. Stubenrauch, T. Wielpuetz, T. Sottmann, C. Roychowdhury, F.J. DiSalvo, Colloid Surf. A 317, 328–338 (2008)
A.K. Ganguli, A. Ganguly, S. Vaidya, Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 474–485 (2010)
J. Ahmed, S. Sharma, K.V. Ramanujachary, S.E. Lofland, A.K. Ganguli, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 336, 814–819 (2009)
D.H. Chen, C.J. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. 12, 1557–1562 (2002)
M.L. Wu, D.H. Chen, T.C. Huang, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 243, 102–108 (2001)
M.L. Wu, D.H. Chen, T.C. Huang, Langmuir 17, 3877–3883 (2001)
M.L. Wu, D.H. Chen, T.C. Huang, Chem. Mater. 13, 599–606 (2001)
P.Y. He, X.Y. Wang, Y.J. Liu, L.H. Yi, X. Liu, Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 37, 1254–1262 (2012)
P.Y. He, X.Y. Wang, Y.J. Liu, X. Liu, L.H. Yi, Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 37, 11984–11993 (2012)
L.H. Yi, Y.F. Song, X. Liu, X.Y. Wang, G.S. Zou, P.Y. He, W. Yi, Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 36, 15775–15782 (2011)
J. Ahmed, A. Ganguly, S. Saha, G. Gupta, P. Trinh, A.M. Mugweru, S.E. Lofland, K.V. Ramanujachary, A.K. Ganguli, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 14526–14533 (2011)
J. Ahmed, B. Kumar, A.M. Mugweru, P. Trinh, K.V. Ramanujachary, S.E. Lofland, Govind, A.K. Ganguli, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 18779–18784 (2010)
J. Ahmed, T. Ahmad, K.V. Ramanujachary, S.E. Lofland, A.K. Ganguli, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 321, 434–441 (2008)
C. Bock, C. Paquet, M. Couillard, G.A. Botton, B.R. MacDougall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 8028–8037 (2004)
H.S. Oh, J.G. Oh, Y.G. Hong, H.S. Kim, Electrochim. Acta 52, 7278–7285 (2007)
E. Ribadeneira, B.A. Hoyos, J. Power Sources 180, 238–242 (2008)
W.Y. Yu, W.X. Tu, H.F. Liu, Langmuir 15, 6–9 (1999)
G. Glaspell, H.M.A. Hassan, A. Elzatahry, V. Abdalsayed, M.S. El-Shall, Top. Catal. 47, 22–31 (2008)
G. Glaspell, L. Fuoco, M.S. El-Shall, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 17350–17355 (2005)
J.M. Campelo, T.D. Conesa, M.J. Gracia, M.J. Jurado, R. Luque, J.M. Marinas, A.A. Romero, Green Chem. 10, 853–858 (2008)
Z.L. Liu, L.M. Gan, L. Hong, W.X. Chen, J.Y. Lee, J. Power Sources 139, 73–78 (2005)
Z.L. Liu, X.Y. Ling, X.D. Su, J.Y. Lee, L.M. Gan, J. Power Sources 149, 1–7 (2005)
S. Stevanovic, D. Tripkovic, J. Rogan, K. Popovic, J. Lovic, A. Tripkovic, V.M. Jovanovic, J. Solid State Electr. 16, 3147–3157 (2012)
C.T. Hsieh, W.M. Hung, W.Y. Chen, J.Y. Lin, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 36, 2765–2772 (2011)
D.M. Gu, Y.Y. Chu, Z.B. Wang, Z.Z. Jiang, G. Yin, Y. Liu, Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 102, 9–18 (2011)
C.T. Hsieh, W.Y. Chen, I.L. Chen, A.K. Roy, J. Power Sources 199, 94–102 (2012)
C.T. Hsieh, Y.Y. Liu, W.Y. Chen, Y.H. Hsieh, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 36, 15766–15774 (2011)
Y.Y. Chu, Z.B. Wang, Z.Z. Jiang, D.M. Gu, G.P. Yin, J. Power Sources 203, 17–25 (2012)
Y.Y. Huang, S.Y. Zheng, X.J. Lin, L.Q. Su, Y.L. Guo, Electrochim. Acta 63, 346–353 (2012)
C.T. Hsieh, Y.Y. Liu, Y.S. Cheng, W.Y. Chen, Electrochim. Acta 56, 6336–6344 (2011)
E. Lebegue, S. Baranton, C. Coutanceau, J. Power Sources 196, 920–927 (2011)
S. Harish, S. Baranton, C. Coutanceau, J. Joseph, J. Power Sources 214, 33–39 (2012)
S. K, W. D, K. T, J. Electroanal. Chem. 223, 223–224 (1987)
J.V. Zoval, J. Lee, S. Gorer, R.M. Penner, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 1166–1175 (1998)
G.J. Lu, G. Zangari, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 7998–8007 (2005)
O. Antoine, R. Durand, Electrochem. Solid State 4, A55–A58 (2001)
Z.B. He, J.H. Chen, D.Y. Liu, H. Tang, W. Deng, W.F. Kuang, Mater. Chem. Phys. 85, 396–401 (2004)
G. N, J. D, K. P, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interf. Electrochem. 264, 235–245 (1989)
E. Budevski, G. Staikov, W.J. Lorenz, Electrochemical Phase Formation and Growth: An Introduction to the Initial Stages of Metal Deposition (VCH, Weinheim, New York, 1996)
R. Greef, R. Peat, L. Peter, D. Pletcher, J. Robinson, Electrocrystallisation (Ellis Horook Limited, New York, 1985)
E.J. Taylor, E.B. Anderson, N.R.K. Vilambi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139, L45–L46 (1992)
K. Lee, A. Ishihara, S. Mitsushima, N. Kamiya, K. Ota, J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A639–A645 (2004)
H. Hoster, T. Iwasita, H. Baumgartner, W. Vielstich, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 337–346 (2001)
F. Maillard, G.Q. Lu, A. Wieckowski, U. Stimming, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 16230–16243 (2005)
C.T. Hsieh, J.M. Wei, J.S. Lin, W.Y. Chen, Catal. Commun. 16, 220–224 (2011)
S. Woo, I. Kim, J.K. Lee, S. Bong, J. Lee, H. Kim, Electrochim. Acta 56, 3036–3041 (2011)
Y. Ra, J. Lee, I. Kim, S. Bong, H. Kima, J. Power Sources 187, 363–370 (2009)
Y.H. Zhang, Y.N. Yang, P. Xiao, X.N. Zhang, L. Lu, L. Li, Mater. Lett. 63, 2429–2431 (2009)
H. Kim, S.H. Moon, Carbon 49, 1491–1501 (2011)
J.S. King, A. Wittstock, J. Biener, S.O. Kucheyev, Y.M. Wang, T.F. Baumann, S.K. Giri, A.V. Hamza, M. Baeumer, S.F. Bent, Nano Lett. 8, 2405–2409 (2008)
J.H. Shim, X. Jiang, S.F. Bent, F.B. Prinz, J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, B793–B797 (2010)
Y.C. Hsueh, C.C. Wang, C. Liu, C.C. Kei, T.P. Perng, Nanotechnology 23 (2012)
Y.C. Hsueh, C.C. Wang, C.C. Kei, Y.H. Lin, C. Liu, T.P. Perng, J. Catal. 294, 63–68 (2012)
T. Shu, S.J. Liao, C.T. Hsieh, A.K. Roy, Y.Y. Liu, D.Y. Tzou, W.Y. Chen, Electrochim. Acta 75, 101–107 (2012)
S.F. Huang, Y. Chi, C.S. Liu, A.J. Carty, K. Mast, C. Bock, B. MacDougall, S.M. Peng, G.H. Lee, Chem. Vapor Depos. 9, 157–161 (2003)
P. Sivakumar, R. Ishak, V. Tricoli, Electrochim. Acta 50, 3312–3319 (2005)
H.T. Kim, H.I. Joh, S.H. Moon, J. Power Sources 195, 1352–1358 (2010)
S.J. Seo, H.I. Joh, H.T. Kim, S.H. Moon, J. Power Sources 163, 403–408 (2006)
S.J. Seo, H.I. Joh, H.T. Kim, S.H. Moon, Electrochim. Acta 52, 1676–1682 (2006)
J.S. Yoo, H.T. Kim, H.I. Joh, H. Kim, S.H. Moon, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 36, 1930–1938 (2011)
S. Mukerjee, S. Srinivasan, A.J. Appleby, Electrochim. Acta 38, 1661–1669 (1993)
S. Hirano, J. Kim, S. Srinivasan, Electrochim. Acta 42, 1587–1593 (1997)
C.C. Chen, C.F. Chen, C.H. Hsu, I.H. Li, Diam. Relat. Mater. 14, 770–773 (2005)
C.L. Sun, L.C. Chen, M.C. Su, L.S. Hong, O. Chyan, C.Y. Hsu, K.H. Chen, T.F. Chang, L. Chang, Chem. Mater. 17, 3749–3753 (2005)
P. Sakkas, O. Schneider, S. Martens, P. Thanou, G. Sourkouni, C. Argirusis, J. Appl. Electrochem. 42, 763–777 (2012)
B.G. Pollet, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 35(2010), 11986–12004 (2004)
R.A. Caruso, M. Ashokkumar, F. Grieser, Colloid Surf. A 169, 219–225 (2000)
D. Radziuk, H. Mohwald, D. Shchukin, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 19257–19262 (2008)
X.G. Wang, J.H. Liao, C.P. Liu, W. Xing, T.H. Lu, Electrochem. Commun. 11, 198–201 (2009)
J. Kim, J.E. Park, T. Momma, T. Osaka, Electrochim. Acta 54, 3412–3418 (2009)
M. Nakanishi, H. Takatani, Y. Kobayashi, F. Hori, R. Taniguchi, A. Iwase, R. Oshima, Appl. Surf. Sci. 241, 209–212 (2005)
Y. Mizukoshi, T. Fujimoto, Y. Nagata, R. Oshima, Y. Maeda, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 6028–6032 (2000)
Z.C. Wang, D.D. Zhao, G.Y. Zhao, H.L. Li, J. Solid State Electr. 13, 371–376 (2009)
S. Shanmugam, A. Gedanken, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 18707–18712 (2009)
X.Z. Xue, C.P. Liu, W. Xing, T.H. Lu, J. Electrochem. Soc. 153, E79–E84 (2006)
P.S. Patil, Mater. Chem. Phys. 59, 185–198 (1999)
R. Mueller, L. Madler, S.E. Pratsinis, Chem. Eng. Sci. 58, 1969–1976 (2003)
Y. Zhang, C. Erkey, J Supercrit Fluid 38, 252–267 (2006)
A. Bayrakceken, U. Kitkamthorn, M. Aindow, C. Erkey, Scripta Mater. 56, 101–103 (2007)
Y. Zhang, D.F. Kang, C. Saquing, M. Aindow, C. Erkey, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44, 4161–4164 (2005)
C.D. Saquing, T.T. Cheng, M. Aindow, C. Erkey, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 7716–7722 (2004)
A. Bayrakceken, A. Smirnova, U. Kitkamthorn, M. Aindow, L. Turker, I. Eroglu, C. Erkey, J. Power Sources 179, 532–540 (2008)
L. Lü, M.O. Lai, Mechanical alloying (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998)
C. Suryanarayana, Prog. Mater Sci. 46, 1–184 (2001)
M.C. Denis, G. Lalande, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, R. Schulz, J. Appl. Electrochem. 29, 951–960 (1999)
G. Lalande, M.C. Denis, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, R. Schulz, J. Alloy. Compd. 292, 301–310 (1999)
M.C. Denis, P. Gouerec, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, G. Lalande, R. Schulz, J. Appl. Electrochem. 30, 1243–1253 (2000)
M.C. Denis, M. Lefevre, D. Guay, J.P. Dodelet, Electrochim. Acta 53, 5142–5154 (2008)
Z. Farhat, A. Alfantazi, Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. 476, 169–173 (2008)
P. Pharkya, A. Alfantazi, Z. Farhat, J. Fuel Cell Sci. Tech. 2, 171–178 (2005)
M. Lucariello, N. Penazzi, E. Arca, G. Mulas, S. Enzo, Mater. Chem. Phys. 114, 227–234 (2009)
B. Liu, L.P. Zheng, S.J. Liao, J.H. Zeng, J. Power Sources 210, 54–59 (2012)
B. Millington, S.F. Du, B.G. Pollet, J. Power Sources 196, 9013–9017 (2011)
Z.Q. Jiang, Z.J. Jiang, Y.D. Meng, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 2923–2928 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lavacchi, A., Miller, H., Vizza, F. (2013). Supported Metal Nanoparticles. In: Nanotechnology in Electrocatalysis for Energy. Nanostructure Science and Technology, vol 170. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8059-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8059-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-8058-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-8059-5
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)