Abstract
Vacuum spark gaps may be divided into three main types, as shown in Fig. 4–16 and described in Table 4-III. A triggered vacuum gap (TVG) usually has the trigger built into the cathode. In power system applications TVGs may have triggers in both electrodes or a trigger separate from either electrode. This could include an external laser trigger. A vacuum interrupter (VI) usually operates by mechanically drawing an arc, but could be constructed with a separate trigger in order to operate as a TVG when desired. A metal plasma arc switch (MPAS) is able to turn off when desired without requiring additional external circuitry or waiting for a natural current zero.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bauer, G.J., and Holmes, R., 1977, Deionization of an Interrupted Vacuum Arc, Proc. Instn. Electr. Eng., 124:266.
Behrens, F-W., and Erk, A., 1985, Interrupting Capacity of Vacuum Interrupters as a Function of Contact Geometry, IEEE Trans. Comp. Hybrids & Manuf. Techn., CHMT-8:80.
Bhasavanich, D., Frost, L.S., Gorman, J.G., Kimblin, C.W., and Greenwood, A.N., 1982, Arc Plasma Decay Following the Forced Interruption of DC Vacuum Arcs, IEEE Int. Conf. Plasma Sci.:93.
Böhme, H., and Fink, H., 1982, Extinction of Arcs after Breakdowns in Vacuum Circuit-Breakers, Wiss. A. Tech. Univ. Dresden, 31:141.
Boxman, R.L., and Goldsmith, S., 1981, The Interaction between Plasma and Macroparticles in a Multi-Cathode-Spot Vacuum Arc, J. Appl. Phys., 52:151.
Boxman, R.L., Goldsmith, S., Izraeli, I, and Shalev, S., 1983, A Model of the Multicathode-Spot Vacuum Arc, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-11:138.
Childs, S.E., Greenwood, A.N., and Sullivan, J.S., 1983, Events Associated with Zero Current Passage During the Rapid Commutation of a Vacuum Arc, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-11:181.
Christov, S.G., 1978, Recent Test and New Applications of the Unified Theory of Electron Emission, Surface Sci., 70:32.
Cope, D.B. and Mongeau, P.P., 1983, Magnetically Aided Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc Switching, Proc. 4th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., 766.
Courts, A.L., Vithayathil, J.J., Hingorani, N.G., Porter, J.W., Gorman, J.G., and Kimblin, C.W., 1982, A New DC Breaker Used as Metallic Return Transfer Breaker, IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst., PAS-101:4112.
Daalder, J.E., 1981, Cathode Spots and Vacuum Arcs, Physica,104C: 91.
Davis, W.D., and Miller, H.C., 1969, Analysis of the Electrode Products Emitted by DC Arcs in a Vacuum Ambient, J. Appl. Phys., 40:2212.
Eckhardt, G., 1975, Interpretation of Data on Cathode Erosion and Efflux from Cathode Spots of Vacuum Arcs, J. Appl. Phys., 46: 3282.
Emtage, P.R., Kimblin, C.W., Gorman, J.G., Holmes, F.A., Heber-lein, J.V.R., Voshall, R.E., and Slade, P.G., 1980, Interaction Between Vacuum Arcs and Transverse Magnetic Fields with Application to Current Limitation, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-8:314.
Farrall, G.A., 1965, Arc Recovery in Vacuum, Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Phen. Ionized Gases (Belgrade), I:403.
Farrall, G.A., 1978, Recovery of Dielectric Strength After Current Interruption in Vacuum, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-6:360.
Farrall, G.A., 1980, Current Zero Phenomena, Chap. 6, in: “Vacuum Arcs”, J.M. Lafferty, ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Frind, G., Carroll, J.J., Goody, C.P., and Tuohy, E.J., 1982, Recovery Times of Vacuum Interrupters which have Stationary Anode Spots, IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst., PAS-101:775.
Gilmour, A.S., Jr. and Lockwood, D.L., 1975, The Interruption of Vacuum Arcs at High DC Voltages, IEEE Trans. Electron Dev.. ED-22:173.
Gorman, J.G., Kimblin, C.W., Voshall, R.E., Wien, R.E., and Slade, P.G., 1983, The Interaction of Vacuum Arcs with Magnetic Fields and Applications, IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst., PAS-102:257.
Hantzsche, E., 1983, The State of the Theory of Vacuum Arc Cathodes, Beitr. Plasma Phys., 23:77.
Jenkins, J.E., Sherman, J.C., Webster, R., and Holmes, R., 1975, Measurement of the Neutral Vapour Density Decay Following the Extinction of a High-Current Vacuum Arc Between Copper Electrodes, J. Phys. D., 8:L139.
Kaneko, E., Tamagawa, T., Okumura, H., and Yanabu, S., 1983, Basic Characteristics of Vacuum Arcs Subjected to a Magnetic Field Parallel to their Positive Columns, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-11:169.
Kimblin, C.W., 1971a, Vacuum Arc Ion Currents and Electrode Phenomena, Proc. IEEE. 59:546.
Kimblin, C.W., 1971b, Dielectric Recovery and Shield-Currents in Vacuum-Arc Interrupters, IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst., PAS-90:1261.
Kimblin, C.W., 1973, Erosion and Ionization in the Cathode Spot Regions of Vacuum Arcs, J. Appl. Phys., 44:3074.
Kimblin, C.W., 1983, Arcing and Interruption Phenomena in AC Vacuum Switchgear and in DC Switches Subjected to Magnetic Fields, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-11:173.
Kimblin, C.W., Slade, P.G., and Voshall, R.E., 1984, Interruption in Vacuum, Chap. 8, in: “Circuit Interruption”, T.E. Browne, Jr., ed., Marcel Dekker, New York.
Lafferty, J.M., ed., 1980, “Vacuum Arcs”, Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Li, H-q, and Wang, J-m, 1985, Research on the Recovery Processes of Vacuum Gaps after 50 Hz Sinusoidal Current Zero, IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul., EI-20:745.
Lins, G., 1985, Measurement of the Neutral Copper Vapor Density Around Current Zero of a 500 A Vacuum Arc Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-13:577.
Lunev., V.M., Ovcharenko, V.D., and Khoroshikh, V.M., 1977a, Plasma Properties of a Metal Vacuum Arc I., Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., 22:855.
Lunev, V.M., Padalka, V.G., and Khoroshikh, V.M., 1977b, Plasma Properties of a Metal Vacuum Arc. II, Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., 22:858.
Lyubimov, G.A., and Rakhovskii, V.I., 1978, The Cathode Spot of a Vacuum Arc, Sov. Phys. Usp., 21:693.
McDonald, C.L., Dougal, R.A., Sudarshan, T.S., and Thompson, J.E., 1984, Voltage Recovery Time of a Vacuum Switch, 16th Pow. Mod. Svmp.:91 (IEEE paper 84CH2056-0).
Miller, H.C., 1972, Measurements on Particle Fluxes from DC Vacuum Arcs Subjected to Artificial Current Zeroes, J. Appl. Phys., 43:2175.
Miller, H.C., 1981, Constraints Imposed Upon Theories of the Vacuum Arc Cathode Region by Specific Ion Energy Measurements, J. Appl. Phys., 52:4523.
Miller, H.C., 1983, Discharge Modes at the Anode of a Vacuum Arc, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.. PS-11:122.
Miller, H.C., 1985, A Review of Anode Phenomena in Vacuum Arcs, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-13:242.
Mitchell, G.R., 1970, High Current Vacuum Arcs, Part 1 — An Experimental Study, Proc. Instn. Electr. Eng., 117:2315.
Plyutto, A.A., Ryzhkov, V.N., and Kapin, A.T., 1965, High Speed Plasma Streams in Vacuum Arcs, Sov. Phys.-JETP. 20:328.
Premerlani, W.J., 1982, Forced Commutation Performance of Vacuum Switches for HVDC Breaker Application, IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst., PAS-101:2721.
Rakhovskii, V.I., 1970, “Physical Bases of the Commutation of Electric Current in a Vacuum”, Chap. III:10, Nauka, Moscow; English Transi. NTIS Rpt. AD 773868, 1973.
Rich, J.A., and Farrall, G.A., 1964, Vacuum Arc Recovery Phenomena, Proc. IEEE. 52:1293.
Rich, J.A., Goody, C.P., and Sofianek, J.C., 1981, High Power Triggerred Vacuum Gap of Rod Array Type, General Electric (Schenectady) Rpt. 81CRD321.
Rylskaya, L.A., and Pertsev, A.A., 1984, Dielectric Strength of a Vacuum Interrupter after Current Interruption, Proc. XIth Int. Symp. Disch. Electr. Insul. Vac. (Berlin, GDR):267.
Tuma, D.T., Chen, C.L., and Davies, D.K., 1978, Erosion Products from the Cathode Spot Region of a Copper Vacuum Arc, J. Appl. Phys., 49:3821.
Voshall, R.E., 1972, Current Interruption Ability of Vacuum Switches, IEEE Trans Power Appar. Syst., PAS-91:1219.
Yanabu, S., Homma, M., Kaneko, E., and Tamagawa, T., 1985a, Post Arc Current of Vacuum Interrupters, IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Svst., PAS-104:166.
Yanabu, S., Kaneko, E., Tamagawa, T., Matsumoto, K., and Homma, M., 1985b, Post-Arc Current after High-Current Interruption in Vacuum, IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul., EI-20:739.
Zalucki, Z., 1985, Estimation of Post-Arc Neutral Vapor Density in the Gap Volume Generated by Evaporating Macroparticles in a Diffuse Vacuum Arc, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-13:321.
Zalucki, Z., and Kutzner, J., 1985, Initiation of Electrical Breakdown by Ionic Bombardment in a Vacuum Gap after Arc Extinction, IEEE Trans Plasma Sci., PS-13:315.
Zalucki, Z., Seidel, St., and Kutzner, J., 1968, Contribution to the Investigation of Dielectric Strength after Extinction of an Arc in Vacuum, Proc. III Int. Symp. Disch. Electr. Insul. Vac. (Paris, France):358.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Miller, H.C. (1990). Recovery of Vacuum Spark Gaps. In: Schaefer, G., Kristiansen, M., Guenther, A. (eds) Gas Discharge Closing Switches. Advances in Pulsed Power Technology, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2130-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2130-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2132-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2130-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive