Abstract
Special care must be taken in the storage, transportation, and disposal of lithium batteries because of their high energy content and the reactivity of lithium. In the United States the transportation and disposal of lithium batteries are regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Similar regulations are in effect in other countries.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R. F. Bis, J. A. Barnes, W. V. Zajac, P. B. Davis and R. M. Murphy, Safety Characteristics of Lithium Primary and Secondary Battery Systems, Report NSWC-TR 86–296, Naval Surface Weapons Center, White Oak, Maryland (1986).
W. N. C. Garrard, An Introduction to Lithium Batteries, MRL-GD-0018, Department of Defence, Materials Research Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia (1988).
Department of the Navy, Technical Manual for Batteries, Navy Lithium Safety Program Responsibilities and Procedures, 59310-AQ-SAF-010, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington D.C. (1988).
Code of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR, 173.206f, Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration (1992).
S. C. Levy, Transportation container for Li/SO2 batteries on passenger aircraft, in Proc. Lithium ‘87, Waste Resource Associates, Niagara Falls, New York (1987).
R. F. Bis and W. V. Zajac, U.S. Navy Lithium Battery Disposal, Report ESD 88–179, Naval Weapons Support Center, Crane, Indiana (1989).
P. Bro and S. C. Levy, Batteries and the environment, in Environmental Oriented Electrochemistry ( C. A. C. Sequeira, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam (1993).
A. Wilde, The proper disposal of lithium batteries, in Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, California State University, Long Beach (1987).
W. V. Zajac, Jr., H. G. Kautz, D. J. Kautz, A. J. Bossert, and S. Cohen, Method and apparatus for neutralizing the reactive materials in lithium batteries, U.S. Patent 4,637,928 (January 20, 1987 ).
R. C. McDonald, F. Goebel, J. S. Shambaugh, and M. A. Stavin, Deactivation and disposal of large 10,000 Ah Li/SOCl2 batteries, Electrochemical Society Extended Abstracts, Vol. 812, pp. 48–49 (1981).
T. B. Haskins, Innovative, large 10K amp-hour battery treatment and disposal, Proc. Lithium ‘87, Waste Resource Associates, Niagara Falls, New York (1987).
N. Marincic, Hazardous behaviour of lithium batteries, Case histories, in Proceedings of the 1982 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop, NASA Conference Publication 2263, Greenbelt, Maryland (1983).
P. K. Raj, Safety Issues Related to the Storage of Chemicals in Advanced Missile Bases for Power Generation and Life Support Systems, Technical Report, Volume 2, Technology and Management Systems, Inc., Burlington, Massachusetts (1989).
U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission, Summarization of 82 In-Depth Investigations of Product-Related Injuries, U.S. Consumer Products Safety Commission, Bureau of Epidemiology, Wet Cell Batteries (0849), Washington, D.C. (1976).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Levy, S.C., Bro, P. (1994). Storage, Transportation, and Disposal of Lithium Cells. In: Battery Hazards and Accident Prevention. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1459-0_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1459-0_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1461-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1459-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive