Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Shape Analysis

Ideas from the Ostracoda

  • Chapter
Heterochrony in Evolution

Part of the book series: Topics in Geobiology ((TGBI,volume 7))

Abstract

The availability of computing power to paleontologists has been accompanied by the development of new methods of analysis and increasingly sophisticated software, much of which is readily adaptable to the study of heterochrony. Among these new developments is a suite of techniques that can be grouped under the broad category of shape analysis. Here we use the term to refer to any multivariate method that is aimed at evaluating shapes, including special applications of multivariate morphometric methods (Tissot, this volume), as well as new techniques designed with quite special purposes in mind. Shapes to be evaluated may be either such smooth curves as outlines or constellations of landmarks that can be homologized from specimen to specimen or from taxon to taxon.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alberch, P., Gould, S. J., Oster, G. F., and Wake, D. B., 1979, Size and shape in ontogeny and phylogeny, Paleobiology 5(3): 296–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anstey, R. L., and Delmet, D. A., 1973, Fourier analysis of zooecial chamber shapes in fossil tubular bryozoans, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 84: 1753–1764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, R. H., 1967, Muscle-scar patterns of Pleistocene (Kansan) ostracodes, in: Essays in Paleontology and Stratigraphy (C. Teichert and E. L. Yochelson, eds.), pp. 211–242, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, R. H., 1982, Comparative transformation of shape in a rapidly evolving series of structural morphotypes of the ostracod Bradleya, in: Fossil and Recent Ostracods (R. H. Bate, E. Robinson, and L. M. Sheppard, eds.), pp. 147–164, Horwood, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, R. H., Chapman, R. E., and Siegel, A. F., 1982, On the measurement of morphology and its change, PaleobioIogy 8(4): 328–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bookstein, F. L., 1978, The Measurement of Biological Shape and Shape Change, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bookstein, F. L., 1980, When one form is between two others: An application of biorthogonal analysis, Am. Zool. 20: 627–641.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bookstein, F. L., 1982, Foundations of morphometrics, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13: 451–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bookstein, F. L., Strauss, R. E., Humphries, J. M., Chemoff, B., Elder, R. L., and Smith, G. R., 1982, A comment upon the uses of Fourier methods in systematics, Syst. Zool. 31: 85–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brower, J. C., and Veinus, J., 1978, Multivariate analysis of allometry using point coordinates, J. Paleontol., 52:1037-1053.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, R. E., Galton, P. M., Sepkoski, J. J., Jr., and Wall, W. P., 1981, A morphometric study of the cranium of the pachycephalosaurid dinosaur Stegoceras, J. Paleontol. 55: 608–618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christopher, R. A., and Waters, J. A., 1974, Fourier series as a quantitative descriptor of miospore shape, J. Paleontol. 48(4): 697–709.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgington, E. S., 1980, Randomization Tests, Dekker, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, R., and Full, W. E., 1986, Comments of “Relationships among eigenshape analysis, Fourier analysis, and analysis of coordinates” by F. James Rohlf,Math. Geol. 18: 855–857.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, R., and Weinberg, B., 1970, An exact method for characterization of grain shape, J. Sed. Petrol. 40(l):205–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, R., Pharr, R. B., Jr., and Healy-Williams, N., 1983, Comments on the validity of Fourier descriptors in systematics: A reply to Bookstein et al., Syst. Zool. 32(2):202–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D. G., Schweitzer, P. N., and Hanna, M. S., 1985, Parametric cubic splines and geologic shape descriptions, Math. Geol. 17(6): 611–624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, D. W., and Kaesler, R. L., 1983, Intraspecific morphological variability of ostracodes from carbonate and mixed carbonate-terrigenous depositional environments, in: Applications of Ostracoda (R. F. Maddocks, ed.), pp. 627–639, University of Houston, Houston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Full, W. E., and Ehrlich, R., 1982, Some approaches for locations of centroids of quartz grain outlines to increase homology between Fourier amplitude spectra, Math. Geol. 15: 259–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Full, W. E., and Ehrlich, R., 1986, Fundamental problems associated with “eigenshape analysis” and similar “factor” analysis procedures, Math. Geol. 18(5)451–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Full, W. E., Ehrlich, R., and Bezdek, J., 1982, Fuzzy Qmodel—A new approach for linear unmixing, Math. Geol. 14: 259–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J., 1977, Ontogeny and Phylogeny, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healy-Williams, N., and Williams, D. F., 1981, Fourier analysis of test shape of planktonic foraminifera, Nature 289: 485–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Healy-Williams, N., Ehrlich, R., and Williams, D. F., 1985, Morphometric and stable isotopic evidence for subpopulations of Globorotalia truncatulinoides, J. Foram. Res. 15(4):242–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, J. M., Bookstein, F. L., Chernoff, B., Smith, G. R., Elder, R. L., and Poss, S. G., 1981, Multivariate discrimination by shape in relation to size, Syst. Zool. 30: 291–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaesler, R. L., and Foster, D. W., 1988, Ontogeny of Bradleya normani (Brady): Shape analysis of landmarks, in: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Ostracoda (T. Hanai, N. Ikeya, and K. Ishizaki, eds.) (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaesler, R. L., and Maddocks, R. F., 1984, Preliminary harmonic analysis of outlines of recent macrocypridid Ostracoda, in:Symposium on Ostracodes, Additional Communications and Discussions, Serbian Geological Society, pp. 169-174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaesler, R. L., and Waters, J. A., 1972, Fourier analysis of the ostracode margin, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83: 1169–1178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lohmann, G. P., 1983, Eigenshape analysis of microfossils: A general morphometric procedure for describing changes in shape, Math. Geol. 15: 659–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malmgren, B. A., Berggren, W. A., and Lohmann, F. P., 1983, Equatorward migration of Globorotalia truncatulinoides ecophenotypes through the late Pleistocene: Gradual evolution or ocean change?, Paleobiology 9(4): 377–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maness, T. R., and Kaesler, R. L., 1987, Ontogenetic Changes in the Carapace of Tyrrhenocythere amnicola (Sars), a Hemicytherid Ostracode, University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, No. 118.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNamara, K. J., 1986, A guide to the nomenclature of heterochrony, J. Paleontol. 60(l):4–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raup, D. M., 1966, Geometric analysis of shell coiling: General problems, J. Paleontol. 40: 1178–1190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, D. W., and Lestrel, P. E., 1986, Comment of uses of homologous-point measures in systematics: A reply to Bookstein et al., Syst. Zool. 35(2):241–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf, F. J., 1986, Relationships among eigenshape analysis, Fourier analysis, and analysis of coordinates, Math. Geol. 18: 845–854.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf, F. J., and Archie, J., 1984, A comparison of Fourier methods for the description of wing shape in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), Syst. Zool. 33: 302–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romesburg, H. C., 1985, Exploring, confirming, and randomization tests, Computers Geosci. 11(1): 19–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanderson, D. J., 1977, The algebraic evaluation of two-dimensional finite strain rosettes, Math. Geol. 9(5): 483–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, P. N., Kaesler, R. L., and Lohmann, G. P., 1986, Ontogeny and heterochrony in the ostracode Cavellina Coryell from Lower Permian rocks in Kansas, Paleobiology 12(3): 290–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, A. F., 1982, Geometric data analysis: An interactive graphics program for shape comparison, in: Modern Data Analysis (R. L. Launer and A. F. Siegel, eds.), pp. 103–122, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, A. F., and Benson, R. H., 1982, A robust comparison of biological shapes, Biometrics 38: 341–250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, G. G., and Beck, W. S., 1965, Life, 2nd ed., Harcourt, Brace & World, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneath, P. H. A., 1967, Trend-surface analysis of transformation grids, J. Zool. Soc. Lond. 151: 65–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sokal, R. R., and Rohlf, F. J., 1981, Biometry, 2nd ed., Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, R. E., and Bookstein, F. L., 1982, The truss: Body form reconstructions in morphometrics, Syst. Zool. 31(2): 113–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, D’A. W., 1917, On Growth and Form, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, J. A., 1977, Quantification of shape by use of Fourier analysis: The Mississippian blastoid genus Pentremites, Paleobiology 3: 288–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willig, M. R., Owen, R. D., and Colbert, R. L., 1986, Assessment of morphometric variation in natural populations: The inadequacy of the univariate approach, Syst. Zool. 35(2): 195–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahn, C. T., and Roskies, R. Z., 1972, Fourier descriptors for plane closed curves, IEEE Trans. Computers C-21(3):269–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Museum of Invertebrate Paleontology, and Paleontological Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA

    David W. Foster & Roger L. Kaesler

Authors
  1. David W. Foster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Roger L. Kaesler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, and Graduate Program in Ecology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996-1410, USA

    Michael L. McKinney

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Foster, D.W., Kaesler, R.L. (1988). Shape Analysis. In: McKinney, M.L. (eds) Heterochrony in Evolution. Topics in Geobiology, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0795-0_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0795-0_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0797-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0795-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation