Zusammenfassung
Let p be a prime number, q a power of p, F q the finite field of q elements and R any field containing F q . A polynomial L(X) ∈ R[X] of the form
is called a q-polynomial. Note that every q-polynomial is also a p-polynomial. We assume throughout that L is monic (c n = 1) and c0≠ 0. Since L’(X) = c0≠ 0, this guarantees that L(X) has q n distinct roots (in any splitting field). If X,Y are indeterminates and a,b ∈ F q then L(aX + bY) = aL(X) + bL(Y); thus the mapping x → L(x) of R into itself is a linear transformation of R, considered as a vector space over F q . For this reason such polynomials are also called ‘linearized’ polynomials. If S is any extension field of R in which L(X) splits, the F q -linearity of L as a transformation of S shows that the set U of roots of L in S is an F q -space (for U in the kernel of L). Since ∣U∣ = q n , U is an n-dimensional F q -space. Conversely, starting with a given n-dimensional F q -subspace U of R it can be shown that the polynomial L(X)=Πu∊U (U-u) is indeed a q-polynomial of the shape (1); we write it as L(X; U) to indicate the dependence on U. For a proof of this fact and further information about q-polynomials see [3]. Although that book is concerned only with finite fields note that Lemma 3.51 and Theorem 3.52 on pp. 109–110 hold when F qm is replaced by any field R containing F q .
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References
D. Jungnickel, A. J. Menezes, and S. A. Vanstone, On the Number of Self-Dual Bases of GF(q m) over G(q), Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 109, Number 1, May 1990.
J. Lewittes, Genus and Gaps in Function Fields, Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, Vol. 58 (1989) pp. 29–44.
R. Lidl and H. Niederreiter, Finite Fields, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, Vol. 20, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., 1983.
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Lewittes, J. (1991). On Certain q-Polynomials. In: Chudnovsky, D.V., Chudnovsky, G.V., Cohn, H., Nathanson, M.B. (eds) Number Theory. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4158-2_9
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