Skip to main content

Ethical Standards in Behavioral Research

A Historical Analysis and Review of Publication Practices

  • Chapter
Research Methods in Applied Behavior Analysis

Part of the book series: Applied Clinical Psychology ((NSSB))

Abstract

In a series of military experiments designed to ameliorate behavioral degradation under psychological stress, subjects were required to perform a task while being led to believe that they were in immediate danger of losing their life through a simulated plane malfunction (Berkun, Bialek, Kern, & Yagi, 1962).

Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by grants from the Office of Special Education G00-800-1702 and G00-82-05409, the Maternal and Child Health Service, 000917-15-0, and The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development HD-16052.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • American Psychological Association. (1973). Ethical principles in the conduct of research with human participants. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azrin, N. H., & Holz, W. C. (1966). Punishment. In W. K. Honig (Ed.), Operant behavior: Areas of resarch and application (pp. 380–447). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, J. S., & Bostow, D. E. (1979). A handbook of research methods in applied behavior analysis. Tallahassee, FL: Copy Grafix.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berecz, J. M. (1973). Aversion by fiat: The problem of “face validity” in behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 4, 110–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkun, M. M., Bialek, H. M., Kern, R. P., & Yagi, K. (1962). Experimental studies of psychological stress in man. Psychological Monographs, 15, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berscheid, E., Baron, R. S., Dermer, M., & Libman, M. (1973). Anticipating informed consent: An empirical approach. American Psychologist, 28, 913–925.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bitgood, S. (1975). Response. In W. S. Wood (Ed.), Issues in evaluating behavior modification. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, B. S. (Ed.). (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. New York: David McKay.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bostow, D. E., & Bailey, J. S. (1969). Modification of severe disruptive and aggressive behavior using brief time out and reinforcement procedures. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2, 31–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, C. M., Szabadi, E., & Bevan, P. (1976). Behavior of humans in variable-interval schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 26, 135–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, J. (1973). Behavior therapy: Fad or psychotherapy of the future? In R. Rubin, J. Brady & J. Henderson (Eds.), Advances in behavior therapy. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burchard, J. D., & Barrera, F. (1972). An analysis of timeout and response cost in a programmed environment, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5, 271–282.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Croxton, T. A., & Tropman, J. E. (1977). The new puritans. In J. E. Krapfl & E. A. Vargas (Eds.), Behaviorism and ethics (pp. 331–354). Kalamazoo, MI: Behaviordelia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darrah v. Kite, 301 N.Y.S. 2d 286 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison, G. C., & Stuart, R. B. (1975). Behavior therapy and civil liberties. American Psychologist, 30, 755–763.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1971). The institutional guide to DHEW policy on protection of human subjects (NIH Publication No. 72–102). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, J. C., & Lasagna, L. (1969). Obtaining informed consent. Archives of Internal Medicine, 123, 682–688.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Favell, J. E., McGimsey, J. F., & Jones, M. L. (1978). The use of physical restraint in the treatment of self-injury and as positive reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 225–241.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, P. (1975). Legal regulations of behavior modification. Arizona Law Review, 17, 39–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Getchell v. Mansfield, 489 P. 2d 953 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldiamond, I. (1977). Protection of human subjects and patients. In J. E. Krapfl & E. A. Vargas (Eds.), Behaviorism and ethics (pp. 129–187). Kalamazoo, MI: Behaviordelia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, B. H. (1975). An assessment of institutional review committees in human experimentation. Medical Care, 13, 318–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Horner, R. D. (1979). Accountability in habilitation of the severely retarded: The issue of informed consent. AAESPH Review, 4, 24–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaimowitz v. Michigan Department of Mental Health, 42 U.S.L.W. 2063 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J. (1972). Experimentation with human beings. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (1980). Acceptability of alternative treatments for deviant child behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 259–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E., & Bootzin, R. B. (1972). The token economy: An evaluative review. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5, 343–372.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, S. M., Shemberg, K. M., & Carbonell, J. (1976). Operant clinical intervention: Behavior management or beyond? Where are the data? Behavior Therapy, 7, 292–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelman, H. C. (1970). Deception in social research. In N. K. Denzin (Ed.), The values of social science. Chicago, IL: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knecht v. Gillman, 488 F 2d 1136 (8th Cir. 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krapfl, J. E., & Vargas, E. A. (1977). Behaviorism and ethics. Kalamazoo, MI: Behaviordelia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kryspin, W. J., & Feldhusen, J. F. (1974). Writing behavioral objectves. Minneapolis, MN: Burgess.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lasagna, L. (1969). Special subjects in human experimentation. Daedalus, 449, 456–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackey v. Procunier, 477F 2d 877 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maley, R., & Hayes, S. C. (1977). Coercion and control: Ethical and legal issues. In J. E. Krapfl & E. A. Vargas (Eds.), Behaviorism and ethics (pp. 265–284). Kalamazoo, MI: Behaviordelia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, R. A. (1972). The behavior-therapeutic use of contingency contracting to control an adult behavior problem: Weight control. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5, 99–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. (1975). Legal challenges to behavior modification. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, J. G., Risley, T. R., Twardosz, S., et al. (1975). Guidelines for the use of behavioral procedures in state programs for retarded persons. MR Research, 1.25

    Google Scholar 

  • McNamara, J. R., & Woods, K. M. (1977). Ethical considerations in psychological research: A comparative review. Behavior Therapy, 8, 703–708.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Menges, R. (1973). Openness and honesty vs. coercion and deception in psychological research. American Psychologist, 28, 1030–1034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merriken v. Cressman, 364 F Supp 913 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 67, 371–383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milgram, S. (1969). Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations, 57–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R., & Willner, H. A. (1974). The two-part consent form: A suggestion for promoting free and informed consent. The New England Journal of Medicine, 290, 964–966.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, S. (1974). Training parents in behavior modification. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 418–433.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary, K. D., & Drabman, R. (1971). Token reinforcement programs in the classroom: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 75, 379–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary, D. K., O’Leary, S., & Becker, W. C. (1967). Modification of a deviant sibling interaction pattern in the home. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 5, 113–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pappworth, M. H. (1967). Human guinea pigs: Experimentation on man. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porterfield, J. K., Herbert-Jackson, E., & Risley, T. R. (1976). Contingent observation: An effective and acceptable procedure for reducing disruptive behavior of young children in a group setting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9, 55–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Relf v. Weinberger, 372 F Supp 1196 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Risley, T. R. (1968). The effects and side effects of punishing the autistic behavior of a deviant child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 21–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosoff, A. J. (1981). Informed consent: A guide for health care providers. Rockville, MD: Aspen Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schloendorff v. Society of N.Y. Hospitals, 105 N.E. 92 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shetter v. Rochelle, 409 P. 2d 74 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1968). The technology of teaching. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1971). Beyond freedom and dignity. New York: Vintage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolz, S. B. (1975). Ethical issues in research on behavior therapy. In W. S. Wood (Ed.), Issues in evaluating behavior modification. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stolz, S. B. (1977). Why no guidelines for behavior modification? Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 541–547.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, R. B. (1978). Protection of the right to informed consent to participate in research. Behavior Therapy, 9, 73–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, R. B. (1973). Notes on the ethics of behavior research and intervention. In L. A. Hamerlynck, L. D. Handy, & E. J. Mash (Eds.), Behavior change: Methodology, concepts, and practice (pp. 221–233). Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, D. A., & Deiker, T. E. (1973). Subject-experimenter perceptions of ethical issues in human research. American Psychologist, 28, 587–591.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tramontana, J. A. (1971). A review of research on behavior modification in the home and school. Educational Technology, 11, 61–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuskeegee Syphilis Study Ad Hoc Advisory Panel. (1973). Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Public Health Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R. (1967). Behavior control and public concern. Psychological Record, 17, 229–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargas, E. (1977). Rights: A behavioristic analysis. In J. E. Krapfl & E. A. Vargas (Eds.), Behaviorism and ethics. Kalamazoo, MI: Behavioredia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahler, R. G., Winkel, G. H., Peterson, R. F., & Morrison, D. C. (1965). Mothers as behavior therapists for their own children. Behavior Research and Therapy, 3, 113–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, M. (1963). The nature of scientific thought. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waltz, J. R., & Scheuneman, T. W. (1970). Informed consent to therapy. Northwestern University Law Review, 628, 637–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, D. P. (1975). Social scientists ought to stop lying. Psychology Today, pp. 105–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, G. D., Nielsen, G., & Johnson, S..M. (1972). Timeout duration and the suppression of deviant behavior in children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5, 111–120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willems, E. P. (1974). Behavioral technology and behavioral ecology. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7, 151–165.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winters v. Miller, 446 F 2d 65, 68 (2d dr.), cert, denied, 404 U.S. 985, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, M. M. (1978). Social validity: The case for subjective measurement or how applied behavior analysis is finding its heart. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 203–214.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, M., Risley, T., & Mees, H. (1964). Application of operant conditioning procedures to the behavior problems of an autistic child. Behavior Research and Therapy, 1, 305–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Neef, N.A., Iwata, B.A., Page, T.J. (1986). Ethical Standards in Behavioral Research. In: Poling, A., Fuqua, R.W. (eds) Research Methods in Applied Behavior Analysis. Applied Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8786-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8786-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8788-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8786-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics