Abstract
Opiate addicts are often exposed to doses of exogenous opiates as high as 2 grams of heroin per day (1). Opiates also concentrate in the spleen, thus exposing the cells of the immune system in addicts to high concentrations of these drugs (2). As a possible consequence of this, IV drug users are immunosup-pressed (3,4), causing them to be more susceptible to a variety of diseases including AIDS, a devastating illness which affects a significant percent of this population.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R. Zandomeneghi, A. Luciani, M. Massari, P. Montanari, and C. Pavesi, Effects of heroin addiction on the responses of glucose, C-peptide and insulin to a standard meal, Clin. Sci. 74(3):283 (1988).
A. E. Robinson and F. M. Williams, The distribution of methadone in man, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 23:353 (1970).
S. M. Brown, B. Stimmel, R. N. Taub, S. Kochwa, and R. E. Rosenfield, Immunologic dysfunction in heroin addicts, Arch. Intern. Med. 134:1001 (1974).
R. J. McDonough, J. J. Madden, A. Falek, D. A. Shafer, M. Pline, D. Gordon, P. Bokos, J. C. Kuehnle, and J. Mendelson, Alteration of T and null lymphocyte frequencies in the peripheral blood of human opiate addicts: in vivo evidence for opiate receptor sites on lymphocytes, Journalof Immunology 125(6):2539 (1980).
Y. Shavit, J. W. Lewis, G. W. Terman, R. P. Gale, and J. C. Liebeskind, Endogenous opioids may mediate the effects of stress on tumor growth and immune function, Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. 26:53 (1983).
Y. Shavit, J. W. Lewis, G. W. Terman, R. P. Gale, and J. C. Liebeskind, Opioid peptides mediate the suppressive effect of stress on natural killer cell cytotoxicity, Science 223:188 (1984).
H. U. Bryant, E. W. Bernton, and J. W. Holaday, Immunosuppressive effects of chronic morphine treatment in mice, Life Sciences 41(14):1732 (1987).
H. U. Bryant, E. W. Bernton, and J. W. Holaday, Morphine pellet-induced immunomodulation in mice: temporal relationships, JPET 245(3):913 (1988).
Y. Shavit, A. Depaulis, F. C. Martin, G. W. Terman, R. N. Pechnich, C. J. Zane, R. P. Gale, and J. C. Liebeskind, Involvement of brain opiate receptors in the immune-suppressive effect of morphine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. 83:7114 (1986).
Y. Asano and R. J. Hodes, T cell regulation of B cell activation. Cloned Lyt-1+2T suppressor cells inhibit the major histocompatibility complex-restricted interaction of T helper cells with B cells and/or accessory cells, J. Exp. Med. 158:1178 (1983).
S. Gillis, M. M. Ferm, W. Ou, and K. A. Smith, T cell growth factor; parameters of production and quantitative microassay for activity, J. Immunol. 120:2027 (1978).
M. V. Sitkovsky, M. S. Pasternack, L. P. Lugo, J. R. Klein, and H. A. Eisen, Isolation and partial characterization of concanavalin A receptors on cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1519 (1984).
H. U. Bryant, T. K. Shakarjian, E. W. Bernton, and J. W. Holaday, Morphine-induced immunosuppression in mice: effects of naloxone and morphine tolerance, Pharmacologist 29:106 (1987).
J. J. Jessop, G. L. West, and T. J. Sobotka, Immunomodulatory effects of footshock in the rat, Journal of Neuroimmunology 25:241 (1989).
V. K. Singh, A. Jakubovic, and D. A. Thomas, Suppressive effects of methadone on human blood lymphocytes, Immunology Letters 2:177 (1980).
G. Bocchini, G. Bonanno, and A. Canevari, Influence of morphine and naloxone on human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, Drug and Alcohol Dependence 11:233 (1983).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jessop, J.J., Taplits, M.S. (1991). In vitro Effect of High Doses of Morphine on Con a Induced Lymphokine Production. In: Friedman, H., Specter, S., Klein, T.W. (eds) Drugs of Abuse, Immunity, and Immunodeficiency. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 288. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5925-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5925-8_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5927-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5925-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive