Abstract
Human diseases resulting from the contamination of food by fungal products have been recorded since the Middle Ages. The terrifying convulsions, dancing mania and, finally, the gangrene of “St. Anthony’s fire” a common epidemic disease of the tenth and eleventh centuries, came from eating rye infected with the ergot fungus, Claviceps purpurea. Under suitable conditions of high humidity, fungi can grow on almost any plant and plant product. It is not surprising, therefore, that epidemics of mycotoxicosls have been recorded from many parts of the world; early this century, “yellow rice disease” in Japan and alimentary toxic aleukia in Russia killed large numbers of people (18).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aleksandrowicz, J. and B. Smyk. 1973. The association of neoplastic diseases and mycotoxins in the environment. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med., 31, 715.
Alpert, M.E., M.S.R. Hutt, G.N. Wogan and O.S. Davidson. 1971. The association between aflatoxin content of food and hepatoma frequency in Uganda. Cancer, (Philadelphia) 28, 253.
Ames, B.N., W.E. Durston, E. Tamasaki and F.D. Lee. 1973. Carcinogens are mutagens: A simple system combining liver homogenatee for activation and bacteria for detection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 70, 2281.
Anthony, P.P. 1976. Precursor lesions for liver cancer in humans. Cancer Res., 36, 2579.
Ashley, L.M. and J.E. Halver. 1961. Hepatomagenesis in rainbow trout. Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol., 20, 290.
Auletta, A.E. and W.A. Suk. 1977. Transformation of the Fischer rat embryo cell system by two carcinogenic mutagens. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 18, 137.
Batt, T.R., J. L. Hsueh, H. H. Chen, and C. C. Huang. 1980. Sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations in V79 cells induced by aflatoxin B11, B2, G1 and G2 with or without metabolic activation. Carcinogenesis, 1, 759.
Beniumovlch, M.S. 1973. Effect of aflatoxlns on animal cells in tissue culture. Farmakol. Toksikol (Kiev), 36, 497.
Berglund, F. 1975. Mycotoxlcosls in Europe in the 20th century. Lakartldningen, 72, 5065.
Blount, W.P. 1961. Turkey MX’ disease. Turkeys, 9, (2) 52.
Blumberg, B.S. 1977. Australia antigen and the biology of hepatitis B. Science, 197, 17.
Blumberg, B.S., B. Laurouze, W.T. London, B. Werner, J.E. Hesser, I. Millman, G. Saimot, and M. Payet. 1975. The relation of infection with the hepatitis B antigen to primary hepatic carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol., 81, 669.
Butler, W.H. 1971. The toxicology of aflatoxin, pp. 141–165. In Mycotoxins in Human Health. Purchase, J. F. H., ed. Macmillan Press, London.
Butler, W.H. and J.M. Barnes. 1964. Toxic effects of groundnut meal containing aflatoxin to rats and guinea-pigs. Br. J. Cancer, 17, 699.
Cardeilhac, P. T. and K. P. Nair. 1973. Inhibition by castration of aflatoxin-induced hepatoma in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 26, 393.
Carnaghan, R. B. A. 1965. Hepatic tumors in ducks fed a low level of toxic groundnut meal. Nature, (London), 208, 308.
Chou, C. C., E. H. Marth and R. M. Shackelford. 1976. Experimental acute aflatoxlcosls in mink (Mustela vison). Am. J. Vet. Res., 37, 1227.
Ciegler, A. and J. W. Bennett. 1980. Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses. Bioscience, 30, 512.
Coady, A. 1976. Tropical cirrhosis and hepatoma. J. Roy. Coll. Physicians, London, 10, 133.
Coles, B. F., J. R. Lindsay Smith, R. C. Garner. 1977. Mutagenicity of 3A, 8A-dihydrofuro [2,3-B] dlbenzofuran, a model of aflatoxin B for Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 76, 888.
Columbano, A., S. Rajalatshnl, and D. S. R. Sarma. 1981. Requirement of cell proliferation for the initiation of liver carcinogenesis as assayed by three different procedures. Cancer Res., 41, 2079.
Commoner, B. 1976. Reliability of bacterial mutagenesis techniques to distinguish carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic chemicals. Environ. Prot. Agency (U.S.) Report No. EPA-600/1-76-022. Washington, DC, 114 pp.
Consumer Reports. 1978. Peanut butter. Consumer Reports, 43, 435.
Deger, G. E. 1976. Aflatoxin in human colon carcinogenesis. Anns. Intern. Med., 85, 204.
Dickens, F. and H. E. H. Jones 1964. The carcinogenic action of aflatoxin after its subcutaneous injection in the rat. Br. J. Cancer, 17, 691.
Doll, R. and T. Vodopiga (eds). 1973. International Agency for Research on Cancer Sci. Publ. No. 7. Lyon, France.
Dvorachova, I. 1976. Aflatoxin Inhalation and alveolar cell carcinoma. Br. Med. J., 60, 691.
Edwards, G. S., T. D. Rintel, and C. M. Parker. 1975. Aflatoxicol as a possible predictor for species sensitivity to aflatoxin B1. Proc. Am. Soc. Cancer Res., 16, 133.
Engebrecht, R. H., J. L. Ayres and R. O. Sinnhuber 1965. Isolation and determination of aflatoxin B1 in cottonseed meals. J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chemists, 4, 815.
Evans, C.H. and J.A. DiPaolo. 1975. Neoplastic transformation of guinea-pig fetal cells in culture induced by chemical carcinogens. Cancer Res., 35, 1035.
Fahmy, M.J., O.G. Fahmy and D.H. Swenson. 1978. Aflatoxin B1–2,3-dichloride as a model of the active metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Cancer Res., 38, 2608.
Fletcher, D.C. 1977. Is the aflatoxin level in peanut butter hazardous to man? Letter, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 238, 518.
Freeman, H.J. and R.H.C. San. 1980. Use of unscheduled DNA synthesis in freshly isolated human intestinal mucosal cells for carcinogen detection. Cancer Res., 40, 3155.
Fuller, C., W.W. Spooncer, A.D. King, J. Schade and B. Mackey. 1977. Aflatoxins in Calif ornian tree nuts. J. Am. Oil Chemists. Soc., 54, 231A.
Gilchrist, A. 1977. Is the aflatoxin level in peanut butter hazardous to man? Letter, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 238, 518.
Gloag, D. 1981. Contamination of food: mycotoxins and metals. Br. Med. J., 282, 879.
Gurtoo, H. and L. Motycka. 1976. Effect of sex differences on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin B by the rat. Cancer Res., 36, 4663.
Halver, J.E., L.M. Ashley and R.R. Smith. 1969. Aflatoxins in coho salmon. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 31, 141.
Haugen, A., J.D. Groopman, I-C. Hsu, G.P. Goodrich, G.N. Wogan and C.C. Harris. 1981. Monoclonal antibody to aflatoxin Bi-modified DNA detected by enzyme immunoassay. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 4124.
Higginson, J. 1963. The geographical pathology of primary liver cancer. Cancer Res., 23, 1624.
Ichinotsubo, D., H.F. Mower, J. Setliff and M. Mandel. 1977. The use of rec bacteria for testing of carcinogenic substances. Mutation Res., 46, 53.
Iype, P.T., T.D. Allen and D.J. Pillinger. 1975. Certain aspects of chemical carcinogenesis in vitro using adult rat liver cells, pp. 425–440. In Gene Expression and Carcinogenesis in Cultured Liver. Schinson, L.E. and E.B. Thompson, eds. Academic Press, New York.
Kay, K. 1976. A brief overview of the toxicological and epidemiological background to the detection and prevention of cancer in agricultural workers. Cancer Detect. Prev., 1, 107.
Keen, P. and P. Martin. 1971. Is aflatoxin carcinogenic in man? The evidence in Swaziland. Trop. Geogr., Med., 23, 44.
Kew, M.C., R. Marcus and E.W. Geddes. 1977. Some characteristics of Mozambican Shangaars with primary hepatocellular cancer. S. Afr. Med. J., 51, 306.
Kimura, I., T. Miyake, S. Kubota, A. Kamata, S. Morkawa and Y. Ito. 1976. Adenomatous polyps in the stomachs of hatchery-grown salmonids and other types of fishes. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res., 20, 181.
Korte, A. 1980. Comparative analysis of chromosomal abberations and sister-chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of Chinese hamsters after treatment wth aflatoxin B1, patulin and cyclophosphamide. Mutation Res., 74, 164.
Krahn, D.F. and C. Heidelberger. 1977. Liver homogenate-mediated mutagenesis in Chinese Hamster V79 cells by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aflatoxlns. Mutation Res., 46, 27.
Krishnamachari, K.A.V.R., R.V. Bhat, V. Nagarajan and T.B.G. Tilak. 1975. Hepatitis due to aflatoxicosis. An outbreak in Western India. Lancet, May 10, 1975, 1061.
Kuczuk, M.H., P.M. Benson, H. Heath and H. Hayes. 1978. Evaluations of the mutagenic potential of mycotoxins using Salmonella typhimurium and Saccharomyces cerevislae. Mutation Res., 53, 11.
Lamb, M.J. and L.J. Lilly. 1971. Induction of recessive lethals in Drosophila melanogaster by aflatoxin B1. Mutation Res., 11, 430.
Lancaster, M.C., F.P. Jenkins and J. McL. Philip. 1961. Toxicity associated with certain samples of ground nuts (letter). Nature, (London,) 192, 1095.
Langenbach, R., H.J. Freed and E. Huberman. 1978. Liver cell-mediated mutagenesis of mammalian cells by liver carcinogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 75, 2864.
Lilly, L.J. and M.J. Lamb. 1972. Review of the genetic effects of aflatoxins and a report on the induction of recessive lethals in Drosophila melanogaster by aflatoxin B1. EMS Newletter, 6, 26.
Lin, J.J., C. Liu and D.J. Svoboda. 1974. Long-term effects of aflatoxin B1 and viral hepatitis on marmoset liver. A preliminary report. Lab. Invest., 30, 267.
Linsell, C.A. and F.G. Peers. 1977. Field studies on liver cancer, pp. 549–556. In Origins of Human Cancer. Book A. Incidence of Cancer in Humans. Hiatt, H.H., J.D. Watson and J.A. Winsten Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation.
Marks, L.H. and R.D. Wyatt. 1979. Genetic resistance to aflatoxin in Japanese Quail. Science, 206, 1329.
Masri, M.S., A.N. Booth and D.P. Hsieh. 1974. Comparative metabolic conversion of aflatoxin B1 to M1 and Q1 by monkey, rat and chicken liver. Life Sci., 15, 203.
Mathew, T., R. Karunanithy, M. H. Yee, and P. N. Natarajan, 1980. Hepatotoxicity of dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide at and above levels used in some aflatoxin studies. Lab. Invest., 42, 257.
Matsushima, T. and T. Sugimura, 1976. Experimental carcinogenesis in small aquarium fishes. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res., 20, 367.
Matzinger, P. K. and T-M. Ong. 1976. Mutation induction of rodent liver microsomal metabolites of aflatoxin B1 and G1 in Neurospora crassa. Mutation Res., 37, 27.
McCann J., N. E. Spingarn, J. Kobori, and B. N. Ames 1975. Detection of carcinogens as mutagens: bacterial tester strains with R factor plasmids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 72, 979.
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1980. Steering group on food surveillance, Working party on mycotoxlns. Survey of Mycotoxins in the United Kingdom. H. M. S. O., London.
Munoz, N. 1976. Prenatal exposure and carcinogenesis. Tumori, 62, 157.
Nesbitt, B. F., K. O’Kelly, K. Sargeant, and A. Sheridan. 1962. Toxic metabolites of Aspergillus flavus. Nature, (London), 195, 1062.
Newberne, P. and G. Williams. 1969. Inhibition of aflatoxin carcinogenesis by diethylstilbestrol in male rats. Arch. Environ. Health, 19, 489.
Noyes, W. F. 1975. Aflatoxin-lnduced changes in human hepatocytes in organ culture. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 16, 26.
Oettle, A. G. 1964. Cancer in Africa, especially in regions south of the Sahara. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 33, 383.
Ohta, T. 1976. Viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, pp. 73–81. In Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Obuda, K. and R. L. Peters, eds. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Ong, T-M. 1970. Mutagenicity of aflatoxins in Neurospora crassa. Mutation Res. 9, 615.
Peers, F. G., G. A. Gilman, and C. A. Linsell. 1976. Dietary aflatoxin and human liver cancer. A study in Swaziland. Int. J. Cancer, 17, 167.
Peers, F. G. and C. A. Linsell. 1973. Dietary aflatoxins and liver cancer: A population-based study in Kenya. Br. J. Cancer, 27, 473.
Puscariu, F., V. V. Papillian, M. Gabor and C. Deac. 1973. Toxicity and morphopathologlc effect of aflatoxin in frog tadpoles. Arch. Roum. Pathol. Exp. Microbiol., 32, 255.
Reddy, J. K., D. J. Svoboda, and M. S. Rao. 1976. Induction of liver tumors by aflatoxin B1 in the tree shrew (Tupaia glls), a non-human primate. Cancer Res., 36, 151.
Roebuck, B. D. and G. N. Wogan 1977. Species comparison of in vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B1. Cancer Res. 37, 1649.
Salhab, A. S. and G. S. Edwards .Comparative in vitro metabolism of aflatoxicol by liver preparations from animals and humans. Cancer Res., 37, 1016.
Salmon, W. D. and P. M. Newberne. 1963. Occurrence of hepatomas in rats fed diets containing peanut meal as a major source of protein. Cancer Res., 23, 571.
Sargeant, K., A. Sheridan, J. O’Kelly, and R. B. A. Carnaghan. 1961. Toxicity associated with certain samples of groudnuts (letter). Nature, (London), 192, 1096.
Scarpelli, D. G., M. H. Grelder and W. J. Frajola. 1963. Observations on hepatic cell hyperplasia, adenoma and hepatoma of rainbow trout (Salmo galrdnerli). Cancer Res., 23, 848.
Shalkop, W. T., and B. H. Armbrecht. 1974. Carcinogenic response of brood sows fed aflatoxin for 28 to 30 months. Am. J. Vet. Res., 35, 623.
Shank, R. C. 1977. Epidemiology of aflatoxin carcinogenesis, pp. 291–318. In Advances in Modern Toxicology. Kraybill, H. F. and M. A. Mehlman, eds. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Sherlock, S. 1976. Predicting progression of acute type-B hepatitis to chronicity. Lancet, 2, 1976, 354.
Sinnhuber, R. O., J. D. Hendricks, J. H. Wales and G. B. Putnam, 1977. Neoplasms in rainbow trout, a sensitive animal model for environmental carcinogenesis, pp. 389–408. In Aquatic Pollutants and Biological Effects with Emphasis on Neoplasia. Kraybill, H. F., C. J. Dawe, J. C. Harshbarger, and R. G. Tardiff, eds. New York Academy of Science, New York,
Stich, H. F. and B. A, Laishes, 1975. The response of xeroderma pigmentosum cells and controls to the activated myco-toxins, aflatoxlns and stregmatocystin. Int. J. Cancer, 16, 266.
Sung, J. L. 1973. Hepatitis and hepatoma in Taiwan. Jpn. J. Gastroenterol., 70, 977.
Thaxton, J. P., H. T. Tung, and P. B. Hamilton. 1974. Immunosuppression in chickens by aflatoxin. Poult. Sci., 53, 721.
Tisdel, M. O., P. O. Nees, D. L. Harris and G. E. Mann. 1977. Aflatoxicosis in rats fed low levels of aflatoxin either chemically pure or as a natural contaminant. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 41, 166.
Torrey, G. S. and E. H. Marth. 1977. Isolation and toxicity of molds from foods stored in homes. J. Food Protection, 40, 187.
Toth, B. 1968. A critical review of experiments in chemical carcinogenesis using newborn animals. Cancer Res., 28, 727.
Ueno, Y., K. Kubota, T. Ito and Y. Nakamura. 1978. Mutagenicity of carcinogenic mycotoxins in Salmonella typhimurlum. Cancer Res. 38, 536.
Van Rensburg, S. J., J. J. Van der Watt, I. F. H. Purchase, I. Pereira Coutinho, and R. Markham. 1974. Primary liver cancer rate and aflatoxin Intake in a high cancer area. S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 2508.
Verrett, J. M., J. P. Marliac, and J. McLaughlin, Jr. 1974. Use of chick embryo in the assay of aflatoxin toxicity. J. Assoc. Agr. Chemists, 47, 1003.
Vesselinovitch, S. D. 1974. Transplacental and neonatal carcinogenesis: experimental approach. Proc. Fifth Int. Symp. Biol. Characterization of Human Tumors, pp. 135–150. Bologna, April, 1973.
Vesselinovitch, S. D., N. Mihailovich, G. N. Wogan, L. S. Lombard and K. V. N. Rao. 1972. Aflatoxin B1, a hepatocarclnogen in the Infant mouse. Cancer Res., 32, 2289.
Wales, J. H. 1970. Hepatoma in rainbow trout, pp. 351–365. In A Symposium on Diseases of Fishes and Shellfishes. Vol. 5. Snieszko, S. F. ed. American Fisheries Society, Washington, D.C.
Wogan, G. N. 1977. Mycotoxins and other naturally occurring carcinogens, pp. 263–290. In Advances in Modern Toxicology. Kraybill, H. F. and M. A. Mehlman, eds. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Wogan, G. N. and P. M. Newberne. 1967. Dose-response characteristics of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis. Cancer Res., 27, 2370.
Wogan, G. N., S. Paglialunga and P. M. Newberne. 1974. Carcinogenic effects of low dietary levels of aflatoxin B1 in rats. Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 12, 681.
Wolf, H. and E. W. Jackson. 1963. Hepatomas in rainbow trout: descriptive and experimental epidemiology. Science, 142, 676.
Wood, E. M. and C. P. Larson. 1961. Hepatic carcinoma in rainbow trout. Arch. Pathol., 71, 471.
Woodfield, D. G., Y. Endo, and T. Matsuhashi. 1974. Primary liver cancer, alpha 1 feto-protein and hepatitis-B antigen in Papua, New Guinea. Aust. N. Z. J. Med., 4, 3.
World Health Organization. 1979. Environmental Health Criteria. 11. Mycotoxins. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Ying, T. S., D. S. R. Sarma and E. Faber. 1981. Role of acute hepatic necrosis in the induction of early steps in liver carcinogenesis by diethylnitrosomine. Cancer Res., 41, 2096.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Woodhead, A.D. (1982). Biological Characteristics of the Aflatoxin-Induced Hepatic Tumor. In: Fleck, R.A., Hollaender, A. (eds) Genetic Toxicology. Basic Life Sciences, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4352-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4352-3_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4354-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4352-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive