Abstract
I seem to be of divided mind on the subject of the exploitation of the cholinergic system. At one time I was warning against the overexploita-tion of the latter (1); at this time, however, I propose that therapeutically, it is underutilized. Actually, a common denominator underlies both feelings. The cholinergic system is almost omnipresent in the CNS and is readily affected by drugs and behavior. Hence, it is easy to ascribe a cholinergic basis to just about any CNS phenomenon. Yet the wrong cholinergic mechanism may be proposed, or the conclusion may be altogether unwarranted (cf. below, and 1). But, for this very reason, the all-pervasiveness of the cholinergic system constitutes the basis for its clinical and basic potential.
Problems Concerning Implications of the Role of Cholinergic System in Behavior
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adey, W. R. (1969): In: Neurophysiology al and Behavioral Aspects of Psychotropic Drugs, (Eds.) A.G. Karczmar and W. C. Koelle, C.C. Thomas, Springfield, pp. 5–26.
Amatruda III, T. T., Black, D.A., McKenna, T. M., McCarley, R.W. and Hobson, J. A. (1975): Brain Res. 98:501–515.
Andreas, K. and Staib, A.H. (1971): Acta Biol. Med. (Ger.) 26:1071–1075.
Aquilonius, J.M. and Sjostrom, R. (1971): Life Sci. 10:405–414.
Ashby, R.A. (1960): Design for a Brain, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Barnes, L., Karezmar, A.G. and Ingerson, A. (1975): Pharmacologist 17:180.
Barnes, L., Karezmar, A.G. and Ingerson, A. (1976): Pharmacologist 18:202.
Beleshin, D., Polack, R. L. and Sproull, D.H. (1965): J. Physiol. 177:420–428.
Benesova, O. and Nahunek, K. (1971): Psychopharmacologia 20:337–347.
Benesova, O. and Trinerova, I. (1964): Int. J. Neuropharmacol. 5:479.
Bhargava, H.N. and Way, E. L. (1975): J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 194:65–73.
Biederman, G. B. (1975): Prog. Neurobiol. 2:291–307.
Biel, J.H., Nuhfer, P.A. and Conway, A.C. (1959): Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 3:551.
Biel, J.H., Nuhfer, P.A., Hoya, W.K. and Leiser, H.A. (1962): Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1:251.
Bland, B.H. (1974): Canad. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 52:966–971.
Blass, J. B., Gibson, G.E. and Kark, P.R.A. (1970): In: Thiamine (Eds.) C.J. Gubler, M. Fujiwara and P. M. Dreyfus, John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp.321.
Bovet, D., Bovet-Nitti, F. and Oliverio, A. (1967): Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 142:261–267.
Brodie, B. B., Spector, S. and Shore, P.A. (1959): Pharmacol. Rev. 11:548.
Bryan, K.S. and Ellison, G. (1975): Psychopharmacologia 43:169–173.
Buchwald, N.A., Heuser, G., Wyers, E.J. and Lauprecht, C.W. (1961): Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 13:525–530.
Buchwald, N.A., Wyers, E.J., Lauprecht, C.W. and Heuser, G. (1961): Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 13:531–537.
Buchwald, N.A., Wyers, E.J., Okuma, T. and Heuser, G. (1961): Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 13:509–518.
Carlton, P. L. (1968): In: Psychopharmacology — A Review of Progress 1957–1967. (Ed.) D.H. Efron, Govt. Printing Office, PHS Publ. No. 836, Washington, D.C., pp. 125–135.
Carlton, P. and Markiewicz, B. (1971): In: Pharmacological and Biophysical Agents and Behavior. (Ed.) E. Furchgott, Academic Press, New York, pp. 345–373.
Cheney, D. L., Trabucchi, M., Racagni, G., Wang, C. and Costa, E. (1974): Life Sci. 15:1977–1990.
Clemente, CD., Sterman, B. and Wyrwicka, W. (1964): EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 16:353–365.
Coleman, J. C. and Lindsley, D.B. (1975): Exp. Neurol. 49:506–528.
Collier, H.O.J. (1968): Nature 205:181–182.
Collier, H.O.J., Francis, D. L. and Schneider, C. (1972): Nature 237:220–223.
Collins, M. A. (1976): In: Neurochemical and Behavioral Mechanisms of Alcohol and Opiate Dependence, (Eds.) K. Blum and D. Ross (in press).
Conner, C.K. (1973): Psychopharmacol. Bull. 9:188–195.
Consolo, S. and Valzelli, L. (1970): Europ. J. Pharmacol. 13:129–130.
Costall, B. and Naylor, R.J. (1975): J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 27:273–275.
Crossland, J. (1970): In: Introduction to Pharmacology (Ed.) J.J. Lewis, Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp. 37–61.
Crossland, J. (1971): In: Advances in Neuropharmacology. (Eds.) O. Vinar, J. Votava and P. B. Bradley, North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, pp. 447–507.
Davis, J. M. and Janowsky, D. (1975): In: Neurotransmitter Balances Regulating Behavior, (Eds.) E.F. Domino and J.M. Davis, Edward Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Deitrich, R.A. and Erwin, V. G. (1975): Fed. Proc. 34:1962–1968.
Delgado, J. M. R., Delgado-Garcia, J.M., Amerigo, J. A. and Gran, C. (1975): Exp. Neurol. 49:580–591.
Deutsch, J. A. (1971): Science 174:788–794.
Domino, E.F., Vasko, M.R. and Wilson, A.E. (1976): Life Sci. 18: 361–376.
Domino, E.F. and Wilson, A.E. (1975): Psychopharmacology 41:19–22.
Domino, E. F., Yamamoto, K. and Dren, A.T. (1968): In: Progress in Brain Research, Vol.28: Anticholinergic Drugs and Brain Functions in Animals and Man, (Eds.) P. B. Bradley and M. Fink, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 113–133.
Drachman, D.A. (1977): In: Neurotransmitter Function. (Eds.)W.S. Fields, P. L. Gildevberg, D. A. Redburn and G. Wood, Stratton Int., New York (in press).
Drachman, D.A. and Arbit, J. (1966): Arch. Neurol. 15:52–61.
Drachman, D.A. and Leavitt, J. (1974): Arch. Neurol. 30:113–121.
Dray, A. and Straughan, D.W. (1976): J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 28:400–405.
Dun, N.J. and Karczmar, A. G. (1977): J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 200:328–335.
Dun, N.J., Nishi, S. and Karczmar, A. G. (1976): Neuropharmacology 15:211–218.
Erickson, C.K. and Chai, K.J. (1976): Neuropharmacology 15:39–43.
Etevenon, P. (1975): CEAN-Computerized EEG Analysis 6:236–250.
Fairchild, M.D., Jenden, D.J. and Mickey, M.R. (1975): Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 38:337–348.
Fann, W.E., Lake, C.R., Gerber, C.J. and McKenzie, G.M. (1974): Psychopharmacologia 37:101–107.
Flugel, F., Itil, T. and Stoerger, R. (1964): Neuropsychopharmacology 3:474–477.
Foerster, Von H. (1960): In: Self-Organizing Systems. (Eds.) M. Youits and S. Cameron, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 35–50.
Foster, F. G. and Kupfer, D.J. (1975): J. Psychiat. Res. 12:19–35.
Foster, F.G. and Kupfer, D.J. (1975): Amer. J. Psychiat. 132: 928–931.
Frederickson, R. C. and Pinsky, C. (1975): J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 193:44–55.
Freeman, J. J., Choi, R. L. and Jenden, D.J. (1975): Psychopharmacology 1:15–27.
Frontali, M., Amorico, L., De Acetis, L. and Bignami, G. (1976): Behav. Biol. 18:1–74.
Fuxe, K. and Ungerstedt, U. (1976): Pharmacol. Ther. 2:29–36.
Gage, F.H. and Olton, D.S. (1975): Brain Res. 98:311–325.
Garan, L., Mulas, M. L. and Pepeu, G. (1975): Neuropharmacology 14:259–263.
Gerald, M. C. and Maickel, R.P. (1969): Int. J. Neuropharmacol. 8: 337–346.
Gershon, S. and Shaw, F.H. (1961): Lancet 1:1371–1374.
Gibbs, F.A. and Bibbs, E. L. (1964): In: Atlas of EEG. Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Addison Wesley, Reading, Mass. 3:460–464.
Gibbs, F.A. and Gibbs, E. L. (1973): Clin. Electroenceph. 4:206–208.
Gibson, G. E., Jope, R. and Blass, J. P. (1975): Biochem. J. 148: 17–23.
Giorguieff, M.F., LeFloc’h, M. L., Westfall, T.C., Glowinski, J. and Besson, M.J. (1976): Brain Res. 106:117–131.
Gisselmann, A., Marin, A. and Simon, P. (1975): Encephale 1:363–366.
Goldstein, A. (1976): Science 193:1081–1086.
Goldstein, D. B. (1973): J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 186:1–9.
Goldstein, D.B. (1975): Fed. Proc. 34:1953–1961.
Green, V.A. (1960): Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
Grossman, S. P. (1960): Science 132:301–302.
Guyenet, P. G., Agid, Y., Javoy, F., Beaujouan, J. C., Rossier, J. and Glowinski, J. (1975): Brain Res. 84:227–244.
Haase, H.J. (1965): In: The Actions of Neuroleptic Drugs. (Eds.) H. J. Haase and P. A. J. Janssen, Yearbook Med. Publ., Chicago.
Hanson, H.M. (1970): J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 173:117–124.
Harvey, J. A. and Lints, C.E. (1971): J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 74:28–36.
Harvey, J.A., Schlosberg, A.J. and Yunger, L.M. (1974): Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 10:233–245.
Harvey, J.A., Schlosberg, A.J. and Yunger, L.M. (1975): Fed. Proc. 34:1796–1801.
Haubrich, D.R. and Reid, W. D. (1972): J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 181:19–27.
Herz, A. and Metys, J. (1968): In: Pain. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pain. Paris (Eds.) A. Soulairac, J. Cahn and J. Charpentier, Academic Press, London, pp. 321–334.
Hess, W.R. (1925): Das Zwischenhirn: Syndrome. Lokalisation, Funktionen. Schwabe Verlag, Basel.
Hingtgen, J.N. and Aprison, M.N. (1976): In: Biology of Cholinergic Function, (Eds.) A.M. Goldberg and I. Hanin, Raven Press, New Your, pp. 515–581.
Ho, A.K.S. and Kissin, B. (1971): In: Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal: Experimental Studiesn. (Ed.) M. M. Gross, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 303–310.
Ho, A.K.S., Tsai, C.S. and Kissin, B. (1975): Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 3:1073–1076.
Hobson, J.A. (1974): In: Advances in Sleep Research. (Ed.) E.D. Weitzman, Spectrum Publ., New York, pp.217–250.
Hornykiewicz, O. (1976): Pharmacol. Ther. 2:1–246.
Hrbek, J., Komenda, S., Macakova, J., Siroka, A., Nauvatil, J. and Medek, A. (1974): Activ. Nerv. Sup. 16:213–215.
Hughes, J., Smith, T.W., Kosterlitz, H.W., Fothergill, L. A., Morgan, B.A. and Morris, H.R. (1975): Nature (Lond.) 258:577–579.
Irmi, S. F. (1974): Act. Nerv. Super. (Prague) 16:48–50.
Irmi, S. F. (1974): Act. Nerv. Super. (Prague) 16:220–222.
Israel, Y., Carmichael, F.J. and Macdonald, J.A. (1975): In: Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal. Experimental Studies II. (Ed.) M.M. Gross, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 55–64.
Itil, T. M. (1973): Psychiatric Research Foundation, Missouri, Publ. 3:1–123.
Jacobowitz, D.M. (1977): In: Interrelationship Between Various Neurotransmitter Systems (Eds.) A.G. Karczmar and J. Glowinski, Proc. 10th Cong. Coll. Int. Psychopharmacol., Pergamon Press, Oxford (in press).
Jaffard, R., Abel, A., Destrade, C., Ayad, G., Mandel, P. and Cardo, B. (1976): Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 5:371–374.
Janowsky, D.S., El-Yousef, M.K., Davis, J.M. and Sekerke, H.J. (1972): Lancet 2:632–635.
Janowsky, D.S., El-Yousef, M.K., Davis, J.M. and Sekerke, H.J. (1973): Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 28:542–547.
Javoy, F., Agid, Y. and Glowinski, J. (1975): J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 27:677–681.
Javoy, F., Eurrard, C., Bockaert, J. and Glowinski, J. (1977): In: Interrelationship Between Various Neurotransmitters, (Eds.) A. G. Karczmar and J. Glowinski, Proc. 10th Cong. Coll. Int. Psycho-pharmacol., Pergamon Press, Oxford (in press).
Jones, B.C., Consroe, P.F. and Laird, H. E. (1976): Eur. J. Pharmacol. 38:253–259.
Jouvet, M. (1972): In: Brain and Human Behavior, (Eds.) A.G. Karczmar and J. C. Eccles, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 131–160.
Jus, K., Bouchard, M. and Jus, A.K. (1973): Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 29:386–390.
Kahn, A.J. and Scudder, C.L. (1976): J. Studies on Alcoholism 37: 1871–1872.
Karczmar, A. G. (1967): Physiol. Pharmacol. 3:163–322.
Karczmar, A.G. (1969): Fed. Proc. 28:147–157.
Karczmar, A.G. (1971): Presentation — Regional Midwest EEG Meetings, Hines V.A. Hospital.
Karczmar, A.G. (1946): In: Psychobiology of Convulsive Therapy, (Eds.) M. Fink, S. Kety, J. McGaugh and T. A. Williams, Winston and Sons, Washington, D. C., pp. 251–270.
Karczmar, A.G. (1975): In: Cholinergic Mechanisms. (Ed.) P. G. Waser, Raven Press, New York, pp. 501–529.
Karczmar, A.G. (1975): Psychopharmacol. Bull. 11:40–43.
Karczmar, A.G. (1976): In: Biology of Cholinergic Function, (Eds.) A.M. Goldberg and I. Hanin, Raven Press, New York, pp. 395–449.
Karczmar, A.G. (1977): In: Interrelationship Between Various Neurotransmitters, (Eds.) Proc. 10th Cong. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmacol., Pergamon Press (in press).
Karczmar, A.G. (1977): In: Biochemical Pharmacology — Neurotransmitters, (Eds.) E. Costa and I. Kopin, Proc. 15th Ann. Meet. Amer. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol., Raven Press, New York (in press).
Karczmar, A.G. and Howard, J.H. Jr. (1959): Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 102:163–167.
Karczmar, A.G., Longo, V.G. and Scotti de Carolis, A. (1970): Physiol. Behav. 5:175–182.
Karczmar, A.G., Scudder, C.L. and Kahn, A.J. (1977): In: Genetic Psychopharmacology, (Eds.) P. Mandel and J. Mendlewicz, Proc. 10th Cong. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmacol., Pergamon Press, Oxford (in press).
Karczmar, A. G., Scudder, C.L. and Richardson, D. (1973): In: Neurosciences Research, (Ed.) I. Kopin, Academic Press, New York, pp.159–244.
Kark, R.A.P., Blass, J. P. and Spence, M.A. (1977): Neurology (in press).
Klawans, H. L. and Rubovitz, R. (1972): Neurology 22:107–116.
Klawans, H. L. and Weiner, W.J. (1974): In: Models of Human Neurological Diseases, (Ed.) H. L. Klawans, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp.1–38.
Klawans, H. L. Jr., Westheimer, R. and Goetz, C. C. (1975): Dis. Nerv. Sys. 36:267–275.
Klemm, W.R. (1974): Nature 251:234–236.
Knott, J.R., Ingram, W.R. and Correll, P.E. (1960): A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. 2:476–484.
Koehn, G. and Karczmar, A. G. (1977): Pharmacologist (in press).
Koelle, G. B. (1963): Handbook Exp. Pharmakol. 15:189–298.
Koelle, G.B. (1969): Fed. Proc. 28:147–157.
Kokkinidis, L. and Anisman, H. (1976); Psychopharmacologia 48: 261–270.
Koller, W. C. and Berry, C.A. (1976): Neuropharmacology 15:233–238.
Kramis, R., Vanderwolf, C.H. and Bland, B.H. (1975): Exp. Neurol. 49:58–85.
Krnjevic, K. (1974): Physiol. Rev. 54:418–540.
Kupfer, D.J. and Edwards, D.J. (1977): In: Interrelationship Between Various Neurotransmitter Systems, (Eds.) A.G. Karczmar and J. Glowinski, Proc. 10th Cong. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmacol., Pergamon Press, Oxford (in press).
Kupfer, D.J. and Foster, F.G. (1973): J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 156:341–348.
Kupfer, D. J., Weiss, B. L., Foster, F.G., Detre, T. P., Delgado, J. and Mc Partland, R. (1974): Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 30:765–768.
Langlois, J.M. and Poussart, Y. (1969): Brain Res. 15:581–583.
Lee, J.H., Turndorf, H. and Poppers, P. J. (1975): Anesthesiology 43:683–684.
Leibowitz, S. F. (1970): Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 67:1063–1070.
Lewis, P.R. and Shute, C.C.D. (1967): Brain 90:521–540.
Livett, B. G. (1973): Brit. Med. Bull. 29:93–99.
Longo, V.G. (1966): Pharmacol. Rev. 18:965–996.
Longo, V.G. (1973): Brain, Nerves and Synapses 4:46–54.
Longo, V.G. and Silvestrini, G. (1957): J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 120:160–170.
Lynch, H.D. and Anderson, M.H. (1975): Dis. Nerv. Sys. 36:64P–65P
Maickel, R.P. and Webb, R.W. (1972): Neuropharmacology 11:283–290.
Marczynski, T.J. (1967): Erg. Physiol. Biol. Chem. Exp. Pharmacol. 59:86–159.
Marczynski, T.J. (1971): Brain Res. 28:71–83.
Marczynski, T.J. and Burns, L. L. (1976): Gen. Pharmacol. 7:211–228.
Matthysse, S. and Haber, S. (1974): In: Model Systems in Biological Psychiatry, (Eds.) D.J. Ingle and H. M. Shein, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Maynert, E.W., Marczynski, T.J. and Browning, R.A. (1975): Adv. Neurol. 13:79–147.
McGeer, P. L., McGeer, E.G. and Fibiger, H. C. (1973): Neurology 23:912–917.
Meier-Ruge, W., Enz, A., Gygax, P., Hunziker, O., Iwangoff, P. and Reichlmeier, K. (1975): Aging 2:55–126.
Monnier, M., Kalberer, M. and Krupp, P. (1960): Exp. Neurol. 2: 271–289.
Moss, D.E. (1976): Behav. Biol. 16:155–160.
Myers, R.D. (1974): Handbook of Drug and Chemical Stimulation of the Brain, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.
Myers, R.D. (1977): In: Interrelationship Between Various Neurotransmitter Systems, (Eds.) A.G. Karczmar and J. Glowinski, Proc. 10th Cong. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmacol., Pergamon Press, Oxford (in press).
Myers, R.D. and Melchior, C.L. (1975): Res. Commun, Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 10:363–378.
Neubauer, H., Adams, M. and Redfron, P. (1975): Med. Hypoth. 1:32–34.
Neubauer, H., Gershon, S. and Sundland, D.M. (1966): Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 151:65–80.
Nishi, S. (1976): Adv. Gen. Cell. Pharmacol. 1:179–245.
Nistri, A., Pepeu, G., Cammelli, E., Spina, L. and De Bellis, A. M. (1974): Brain Res. 80:199–209.
Olds, J. (1958): Science 127:315–324.
Olds, M.E. (1975): Brain Res. 98:327–342.
Olivier, A., Parent, A., Simard, H. and Poivier, L.J. (1970): Brain Res. 18:273–282.
Papatheophilou, R., James, S. and Orwin, A. (1975): Brit. J. Psychiat. 127:63–66.
Paton, W.D.M. (1957): Brit. J. Pharmacol. 12:119–127.
Paton, W.D.M. (1963): Canad. J. Biochem. Physiol. 41:2637–2653.
Paton, W.D.M. (1969): In: Scientific Basis of Drug Dependence, (Ed.) H. Steinberg, A. Churchill Publ., London, pp. 31–47.
Pauling, P. (1975): In: Cholinergic Mechanisms (Ed.) P. Waser, Raven Press, New York, pp. 241–250.
Pedigo, N.W., Dewey, W. L. and Harris, L. S. (1975): J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 193:845–852.
Pepeu, G. (1974): Prog. Neurobiol. 2:257–288.
Pepeu, G., Garau, L. and Mulas, M. L. (1974): Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 10:247–252.
Pepeu, G., Nistri, A. and Mantovani, P. (1977): In: Interrelationship Between Various Neurotransmitter Systems. (Eds.) A.G. Karczmar and J. Glowinski, Proc. 10th Cong. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmacol., Pergamon Press, Oxford (in press).
Petsche, H. (1962): EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 14:791.
Pfeiffer, C.C. (1959): Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 1:195–244.
Pfeiffer, C.C. and Jenny, E.H. (1957): Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 66: 753–764.
Poivier, L.J. (1976): Pharmacol. Ther. 2:9–18.
Pradhan, S.N. (1975): In: Neurotransmitter Balances Regulating Behavior. (Eds.) E.F. Domino and J. M. Davis, NPP Books, Ann Arbor, pp. 75–97.
Pradhan, S.N. (1975): Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 18:213–262.
Pradhan, S.N. and Dutta, S.N. (1971): Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 14:173–231.
Proctor, C.D., Ridlon, S.A., Fudema, J.J. and Prabhu, V. G. (1964): Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1:1.
Pujol, J. F., Keane, P.E. and Jouvet, M. (1977): In: Interrelationship Between Various Neurotransmitters. (Eds.) A. G. Karczmar and J. Glowinski, Proc. 10th Cong. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmacol., Pergamon Press, Oxford (in press).
Radii-Weiss, T. (1974): Act. Nerv. Super. (Prague) 16:126–129.
Reich, L., Weiss, B. L., Coble, P., McPartland, R. and Kupfer, D. J. (1975): Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 32:51–55.
Reis, D.J. (1975): In: Neural Basis of Violence and Aggression. (Eds.) W. S. Fields and W. H. Sweet, Warren Green, St. Louis, pp. 57–84.
Rieger, H. and Okonek, S. (1975): Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 39:555.
Reiger, H. and Okonek, S. (1975): Rev. Electroenceph. Neurophysiol. Clin. 5:98–101.
Rinaldi, F. and Himwich, H. (1955): Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 73:396–402.
Rochlin, G. (1973): Man’s Aggression — The Defense of the Self, Gambit Publ., Boston.
Roth, R. H. and Bunney, B.S. (1976): In: Biology of Cholinergic Function, (Eds.) A.M. Goldberg and I. Hanin, Raven Press, New York, pp. 379–394.
Rothlin, E. (1959): Canad. Psychiat. Assn. J. 4:83.
Ruch-Monachon, M.A., Jalfre, M. and Haefely, W. (1976): Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 219:251–268.
Ruch-Monachon, M.A., Jalfre, M. and Haefely, W. (1976): Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn, Ther. 219:269–286.
Sagaies, T., Erill, S. and Domino, E.F. (1969): Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 10:522–529.
Sagaies, T., Erill, S. and Domino, E.F. (1975): Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 18:727–732.
Samanin, R. and Bernasconi, S. (1972): Psychopharmacology 25:175–182.
Samanin, R., Bernasconi, S. and Quattrone, A. (1976): Psychopharmacologia 46:219–222.
Samanin, R., Gomulka, W. and Valzelli, L. (1970): Eur. J. Pharmacol. 10:339–343.
Schelkunov, E. L. (1967): Act. Nerv. Super. 9:207–217.
Shakow, D. (1971): J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 153:300–316.
Shih, T.-M., Khachaturian, Z.S. and Barry, H. (1974): Pharmacologist 16:242.
Shopsin, B., Janowsky, D., Davis, J. and Gershon, S. (1975): In: Neurotransmitter Balances Regulating Behavior. (Eds.) E.F. Domino and J. M. Davis, Edwards Publ., Ann Arbor, pp. 149–158.
Shopsin, B., Janowsky, D., Davis, J. and Gershon, S. (1975): Neuropsychobiology 1:180–187.
Shute, C.C.D. (1975): Neurology 6:183–203.
Simon, A.A. (1969): The Sciences of the Artificial. MIT Press, Cambridge.
Singh, M.M. and Kay, W.R. (1975): Psychopharmacologia 43:103–113.
Singh, M.M. and Kay, W.R. (1975): Psychopharmacologia 43:115–123.
Sitaram, N., Wyatt, R.J., Dawson, S. and Gillin, J. C. (1976): Science 191:1281–1282.
Snider, R.S. and Maiti, A. (1975): Exp. Neurol. 49:529–539.
Snyder, S., Greenberg, D. and Yamamura, H. I. (1974): Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 31:58–61.
Snyder, S.H., Greenberg, D. and Yamamura, H.I. (1975): In: Catecholamines and Schizophrenia. (Eds.) S. W. Matthysse and S.S. Kety, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 91–95.
Spehlmann, R. (1974): Trans. Amer. Neurol. Assoc. 99:255–257.
Spehlmann, R. (1975): Brain 98:219–230.
Stark, P. and Henderson, J.K. (1972): Neuropharmacology 11:839–848.
Stein, L. (1968): In: Psychopharmacology — A Review of Progress 1957–1967, (Ed.) D. Efron, M.S. Govt. Printing Office, PHS Publ. No. 836, Washington, D.C., pp. 105–123.
Stein, L. (1975): Nebraska Symp. Motiv. 22:113–159.
Stein, L. and Seifter, J. (1962): Amer. J. Physiol. 202:751–756.
Tarsy, D., Leopold, N. and Sax, D.S. (1974): Neurology 24:28–33.
Teitelbaum, H., Lee, J. F. and Johannessen, J.N. (1975): Science 188:1114–1116.
Valzelli, G. (1974): In: Central Nervous System. Studies on Metabolic Regulation and Function, (Eds.) E. Genazzani and H. Herken, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 167–171.
Van Andel, H. (1959): In: Neuropsychopharmacology. (Eds.) P.B. Bradely, P. Deniker and C. Raduoco-Thomas, Amsterdam, pp.701–703.
Vanderwolf, C.H. (1975): J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 88:300–323.
Van Meter, W. G. and Karczmar, A.G. (1971): Neuropharmacology 10:379–390.
Van Meter, W. G. and Karczmar, A.G. (1977): Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn. (in press).
Van Woert, M. H. (1976): In: Biology of Cholinergic Function, (Eds.) A.M. Goldberg and I. Hanin, Raven Press, New York, pp. 583–601.
Vergnes, M. and Penot, C. (1976): Brain Res. 104:107–119.
Vosu, H. and Wise, R.A. (1975): Behav. Biol. 13:491–495.
Wastek, G. J., Stern, L.Z., Johnson, P.C. and Yamamura, H.I. (1976): Life Sci. 19:1033–1040.
Wawrzyniak, M., Majewska, T. and Cybulska, R. (1976): Folia Histochem. Cytochem. (Krakow) 14:3–12.
Way, E.L. (1973): In: Pharmacology and Future of Man. (Ed.) G.H. Acheson, Karger, Basel, pp. 77–94.
Way, E.L. (1975): Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 13:169–184.
Weiss, B.L., Foster, F.G. and Kupfer, D.J. (1976): In: Biology of Cholinergic Function, (Eds.) A.M. Goldberg and I. Hanin, Raven Press, New York, pp. 603–617.
Whishaw, I.Q., Robinson, T.E. and Schallert, T. (1976): Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 5:275–283.
Wikler, A. (1952): Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 79:261–265.
Zarcone, V. and Dement, W. (1969): In: Sleep. Physiology and Pathology, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp. 192–199.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1978 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Karczmar, A.G. (1978). Exploitable Aspects of Central Cholinergic Functions, Particularly with Respect to the EEG, Motor, Analgesic and Mental Functions. In: Jenden, D.J. (eds) Cholinergic Mechanisms and Psychopharmacology. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 24. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3096-7_48
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3096-7_48
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3098-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3096-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive