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Interleukin-1 Receptors in the Nervous System

  • Chapter
Cytokines in the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Neuroscience Intelligence Unit ((NIU.LANDES))

Abstract

The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a hormone-like polypeptide that performs many roles in inflammation and immunity.1–3 Currently, two forms of IL-1 (IL-1α and IL-1β) and one IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) have been characterized.1 In addition to its immune effects, a role has been postulated for IL-1 as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator/growth factor in the central nervous system (CNS). IL-1 production has been reported in cultured brain astrocytes and microglia4–6 and IL-1 has been detected in the brain following cerebral trauma7,8 and endotoxin treatment.9 IL-1-like activity is also present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),10,11 IL-1 mRNA is present in normal brain,12,13 and immunohistochemical studies have identified neurons positive for IL-1 β-like immunoreactivity in both hypothalamic14,15 and extrahypothalamic14 sites in human brain. Administration of IL-1 in brain produces a variety of effects, including induction of fever,1–3 alteration of slow-wave sleep,16,17 reduction of food intake,18 induction of analgesia,19 induction of acute-phase glycoprotein synthesis,20,21 stimulation of thermogenesis22,23 and reduction of peripheral cellular immune responses.24 Central as well as peripheral administration of IL-1 has potent neuroendocrine actions including stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis25–27 and inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.28

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Authors
  1. Changlu Liu
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  2. Toshihiro Takao
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  3. Kozo Hashimoto
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  4. Errol B. De Souza
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Liu, C., Takao, T., Hashimoto, K., De Souza, E.B. (1996). Interleukin-1 Receptors in the Nervous System. In: Cytokines in the Nervous System. Neuroscience Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9695-0_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9695-0_3

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