Abstract
Language as an instrument of communication and carrier of information is a very complex phenomenon. It is a psychophysical entity, because the performance of a language is surely as much dependent on its physical environment as on the mental nuances of its users. Historical factors, emotions, and all other elements which constitute the complex structure and workings of the human mind and human institutions have significant roles in the usage and development of languages.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
B. A. Trakhtenbrot, “Algorithms and Automatic Computing Machines,” D. C. Heath and Company, Lexington, Massachusetts (1963).
A. M. Turing, On computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proc. London Math. Soc. 2–42, 230–65 (1936); A correction, Proc. London Math. Soc. 43, 544–546 (1937).
N. Chomsky, Three models for the description of language, IRT Trans. Inf. Theory IT-2 (3), 113–124 (1956).
N. Chomsky, Formal properties of grammars, in “Handbook of Mathematical Psychology” (D. Luce, R. Bush, and E. Galanter, eds.), Wiley, New York (1963), Vol. II, pp. 323–418.
N. Chomsky, On certain formal properties of grammars, Information and Control 2, 137–167 (1959).
J. W. Backus, The syntax and semantics of the proposed international algebraic language of the Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference, in “Proc. Int. Conf. Inf. Processes” UNESCO, Paris (1959); R. Oldenbourg, Munich; Butterworths, London, (1960), pp. 125–132.
M. Gross and A. Lentin, “Introduction to Formal Grammars,” Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin (1970).
J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman, “Formal Language and their Relation to Automata,” Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1969).
C. F. Hockett, A manual of phonology, Int. J. Am. Linguistics, Publ. 11 (1955).
N. Chomsky, “Syntactic Structures,” Mouton & Co., The Hague (1957).
S. C. Kleene, Representation of events in nerve nets and finite automata, in “Automata Studies” (C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy, eds.), Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey (1956), pp. 3–41.
N. Chomsky and G. A. Miller, Finite state languages, Information and Control 1, 91–112(1958).
N. Chomsky and M. P. Schützenberger, The algebraic theory of context-free languages, in “Studies in Logic and Foundations of Mathematics” (L. E. J. Brouwer, E. W. Beth, and A. Heyting, eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam (1963), pp. 118–161.
Y. Bar-Hillel, M. Perles, and E. Shamir, On formal properties of simple phrase structure grammars, Z. Phonetik, Sprachwiss. und Kommunikationsforsch. 14, 143 – 172 (1961).
Y. Bar-Hillel, “Language and Information,”Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1964), pp. 116–150.
M. O. Rabin and D. Scott, Finite automata and their decision problems, IBM J. Res. Develop. 3, 114–125 (1959).
in “Sequentional Machines: Selected Papers” (E. F. Moore, ed.) Addison. Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1964), pp. 63–91.
J. C. Shepherdson, The reduction of two-way automata to one-way automata, IBM J. Res. Develop. 3, 198–200 (1959).
R. J. Evey, “The Theory and Applications of Pushdown Store Machines,” PhD Thesis, Harvard University, 1963; published as Report No. NSF-10, The Comp. Lab. of Harvard University, 1963.
N. Chomsky, Context-free grammars and pushdown storage, QPR (MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts), No. 65 (1962).
S. Rosen, Electronic computers: a historical survey, Computing Surveys 1 (1), 7–36 (1969).
M. Minsky, “Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines,” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1967).
P. S. Landweber, Three theorems on phrase structure grammars of type 1, Inf. and Control 6 (2), 131–136 (1963).
S. Y. Kuroda, Classes of languages and linear-bounded automata, Inf. and Control 7 (2), 207–223 (1964).
M. A. Harrison, “Introduction to Switching and Automata Theory,” McGraw-Hill, New York (1965).
R. J. Nelson, “Introduction to Automata,” Wiley, New York (1968).
R. S. Wells, Immediate constituents, Language 23, 81–117 (1947).
J. A. Moyne, A flow-charting approach to IC analysis, Methodos XIII (49/50), 113–119 (1961).
L. Bloomfield, The Menomini language, in “Proc. 21st Inter. Cong. Americanists, The Hague (1924), pp. 336–43.
Z. S. Harris, From morpheme to utterance, Language 22, 161–183 (1946).
in “Readings in Linguistics” (M. Joos, ed.), Am. Council of Learned Societies, Washington (1957), pp. 142–153.
Z. S. Harris, “Structural Linguistics,” Phoenix Books, Chicago (1951).
B. Bloch, Studies in colloquial Japanese II: syntax, Language 22, 200–248 (1946).
B. Bloch, Studies in colloquial Japanese II: syntax, in “Readings in Linguistics” (M. Joos, ed.) (1957), pp. 154–185.
P. Postal, Constituent structures: a study of contemporary models of syntactic description, Int. J. Am. Ling. Pub.l 30 (1964).
P. M. Postal, Limitations of phrase structure grammars, in “The Structure of Language” (J. A. Fodor and J. J. Katz, eds.), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1964), pp. 137–151.
C. F. Hockett, Sound change, Language 41, 185–204 (1965).
Z. S. Harris, Co-occurrence and transformation in linguistic structure, Language 33, 283–340 (1957).
Z. S. Harris, Co-occurrence and transformation in linguistic structure, in “The Structure of Language” (J. A. Fodor and J. J. Katz, eds.) (1964), pp. 155–210.
Z. S. Harris, Discourse analysis, Language 28, 1–30 (1952).
Z. S. Harris, Discourse analysis,in “The Structure of Language” (J. A. Fodor and J. J. Katz, eds.), (1964), pp. 355–383.
Z. S. Harris, Transformational theory, Language 41, 363–401 (1965).
Z. S. Harris, “Mathematical Structures of Language,” Wiley, New York (1968).
H. Hiz, Steps toward grammatical recognition, in “Int. Conf. for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation,” Cleveland, Ohio (1959).
H. Hiż, Congrammaticality, batteries of transformations and grammatical categories, in “Structure of Language and its Mathematical Aspects” (R. Jakobson, ed.). AMS, Providence, Rhode Island (1961); pp. 43–50.
N. Chomsky, “Cartesian Linguistics,” Harper and Row, New York (1966).
C. Lancelot and A. Arnauld, Grammaire générale et raisonnèe (1660), The Scolar Press Ltd., Menston (1967).
R. Lakoff, review of Ref. 41, Language 45, 343–364 (1969).
N. Chomsky, Remarks on nominalization, in “Readings in English Transformational Grammar” (R. A. Jacobs and P. S. Rosenbaum, eds.), Ginn and Co., Waltham, Massachusetts (1970), pp. 184–221.
N. Chomsky, “Aspects of the Theory of Syntax,” The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1965).
J. J. Katz and P. Postal, “An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Descriptions,” The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1964).
J. R. Ross, “Constraints on Variables in Syntax,” PhD Thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1967).
D. M. Perlmutter, “Deep and Surface Structure Constraints in Syntax,” PhD Thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1968).
J. A. Moyne, An introduction to transformational grammars, Int. J. Computer Math. 2, 169–181 (1968).
C. J. Fillmore, The case for case, in “Universals in Linguistic Theory” (E. Bach and R. T. Harms, eds.), Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1968), pp. 1–88.
G. H. Matthews, Le cas échéant, unpublished paper, Parts I and II, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1968).
N. Chomsky, Deep structure, surface structure, and semantic interpretation, in “Studies in General and Oriental Linguistics” (R. Jacobson and S. Kawamoto, eds.), TEC Co. Ltd., Tokyo (1970), pp. 52–91.
R. S. Jackendoff, “Some Rules of Semantic Interpretation for English,” PhD Thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1969).
J. A. Moyne, Reflexive and emphatic, Language 47, 141–163 (1971).
J. A. Moyne, The dilemma of the emphatic placement rule, unpublished.
J. J. Katz, Interpretive semantics vs. generative semantics, Found. Language 6, 220–259 (1970).
J. J. Katz, “Semantic Theory,” Harper and Row, New York (in press).
P. S. Rosenbaum, “English Grammar II,” IBM research report, Yorktown Heights, New York (1968).
R. P. Stockwell, P. Schachter, and B. H. Partee, “Integration of Transformational Theories on English Syntax,” ESD-TR-68–419, Vols. I and II, UCLA (1968).
N. Chomsky, “Current Issues in Linguistic Theory,” Mouton and Co., The Hague (1964).
N. Chomsky, “Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammar,” Mouton and Co. The Hague (1966).
J. D. McCawley, Meaning and the description of languages, Kotoba No Uchu (Tokyo) 2 (9–11) (1967).
J. D. McCawley, The role of semantics in a grammar, in “Universals in Linguistic Theory” (E. Bach and R. T. Harms, eds.), Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1968).
G. P. Lakoff, Instrumental adverbs and the concept of deep structure, Found. Language 4, 4–29 (1968).
G. Lakoff, Global rules, Language 46, 627–639 (1970).
G. Lakoff and J. R. Ross, Is deep structure necessary?, unpublished paper, MIT (1967).
R. B. Lees, The grammar of English nominalization, Int. J. Am. Linguistics Publ. 12 (1960).
G. Lakoff, “Irregularity in Syntax,” Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1970).
N. Chomsky, A transformational approach to syntax, in “Proc. Third Texas Conf. on Problems of Linguistic Analysis in English” (A. A. Hill. ed.), University of Texas Press (1962), pp. 124–158.
J. H. Greenberg (Ed.), “Universals of Language,” The MIT Press, Cambridge. Massachusetts (1966).
E. Bach and R. T. Harms (eds.), “Universals in Linguistic Theory,” Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1968).
J. J. Katz and J. A. Fodor, The structure of a semantic theory, Language 39, 170–210 (1963).
J. J. Katz and J. A. Fodor, The structure of a semantic theory, in “The Structure of Language” (J. A. Fodor and J. J. Katz, eds.), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1964).
D. Bolinger, The atomization of meaning, Language 41, 555–573 (1965).
U. Weinreich, Explorations in semantic theory, in “Current Trends in Linguistics” (T. A. Sebeok, ed.), Mouton and Co. (1966), Vol. III, pp. 395–477.
J. J. Katz, Recent issues in semantic theory, Found. Language 3, 150–158 (1967).
M. Bierwisch, On certain problems of semantic representation, Found. Language 5, 153–184 (1969).
T. G. Bever and P. Rosenbaum, Two studies on syntax and semantics, MITRE Technical Report, Bedford, Massachusetts.
N. Chomsky and M. Halle, “The Sound Pattern of English,” Harper and Row, New York (1968).
S. Peters and R. Ritchie, On the generative capacity of transformational grammars, to appear in Inf. Sci.
S. Peters and R. W. Ritchie, On restricting the base component of transformational grammars, Inf. and. Control 18, 483–501 (1971).
G. H. Matthews, Analysis by synthesis of sentences in a natural language, in “Int. Conf. on Machine Translation and Applied Lang. Analysis” H. M. Stationary Office, London (1962).
N. Chomsky and G. A. Miller, Introduction to the formal analysis of natural languages, in “Handbook of Mathematical Psychology” (R. R. Bush, E. H. Galanter, and R. D. Luce, eds.), Wiley, New York (1963), Vol. 2, pp. 269–321.
D. E. Walker and J. M. Bartlett, The structure of language for man and computer: Problems in formalization, in “First Congress on the Information Sciences,” Cambridge, Massachusetts (1962).
S. R. Petrick, “A Recognition Procedure for Transformational Grammars,” PhD Thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1965).
MITRE Corporation, “English Preprocessor Manual,” The MITRE Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts (1964).
I. Rhodes, A new approach to the mechanical syntactic analysis of Russian, Mechanical Translation 6 (November) (1961).
S. Kuno and A. G. Oettinger, “Multiple-Path Syntactic Analyzer,” Report NSF-8, The Computation Laboratory, Harvard University (1963).
S. Kuno, “A System for Transformational Analysis,” Report NSF-15, Comp. Lab., Harvard University (1965).
S. Kuno, Computer analysis of natural languages, in “Proc. of Symp. in Appl. Math.,” Vol. 19, “Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science,” AMS (1967).
R. W. Floyd, The syntax of programming languages—A survey, IEEE Trans. Elec. Computers EC-13, 346–353 (1964).
T. E. Cheatham, “The Theory and Construction of Compilers,” Computer Associates, Wakefield, Massachusetts (1966).
J. A. N. Lee, “The Anatomy of a Compiler,” Reinhold, New York (1967).
D. G. Cantor, On the ambiguity problem of Backus systems, J. ACM 9, 477–479 (1962).
R. W. Floyd, On ambiguity in phrase-structure languages, CACM 5, 526–534 (1962).
J. A. Moyne, A transformational approach to compiler construction, unpublished.
D. E. Knuth, On the translation of languages from left to right, Inf. and Control 8, 607–639 (1965).
J. A. Moyne, Information retrieval and natural language, in “Proc. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. (1969), Vol. 6, pp. 259–263.
B. F. Green, A. K. Wolf, C. Chomsky, and K. Laughery, Baseball: an automatic question answering, in “Computer and Thought” (E. A. Figenbaum and J. Feldman, eds.), McGraw-Hill, New York (1963), pp. 207–216.
D. G. Bobrow, Natural language input for a computer problem-solving system, in “Proc. AFIPS Conf.,” Vol. 26, Spartan, Baltimore, Maryland (1964).
R. F. Simmons, Answering English questions by computer: A survey, CACM 8, 53–70 (1965).
J. A. Moyne, “Proto-RELADES: A Restrictive Natural Language System,” IBM, BPC Tech Report 3 (October 1967).
W. A. Woods, “Semantics for a Question-Answering System,” Report NSF-19, Comp. Lab., Harvard University (1967).
Deacon Project, “Phrase-Structure Oriented Targeting Query Language,” RM65 TMP-64, TEMPO, General Electric Co., Santa Barbara, California (1965).
B. H. Dostert and F. B. Thompson, How features resolve syntactic ambiguity, in “Proc. Symp. Inf. Storage and Ret.” University of Maryland (1971), pp. 19–32.
D. G. Bobrow, Syntactic analysis of English by computer—A survey, in “Proc. AFIPS, FJCC,” 24, Spartan, Washington, D.C. (1963), Vol. 24, pp. 365–387.
M. Pacak and A. W. Pratt, The function of semantics in automated language processing, in “Proc. Symp. Inf. Storage and Ret.” University of Maryland (1971), pp. 5–18.
A. G. Oettinger and S. Marks, “Run, Computer, Run,” Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1969).
L. Gross, “Design for Computer Program to Simulate the Phonological Component of a Generative Grammar,” MITRE Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts (1966).
D. G. Bobrow and J. B. Fraser, A phonological rule tester, Commun. ACM 11, 766–772 (1968).
M. Kay, “From Semantics to Syntax,” RAND Corporation Publ. No. P-3746; in “Progress in Linguistics” (M. Bierwisch and K. E. Heidolph, eds.), Mouton, The Hague (1970), pp. 114–126.
J. Friedman, “A Computer Model of Transformational Grammar,” American Elsevier, New York (1971).
D. G. Hays, “Dependency Theory: A Formalization and some Observations,” The RAND Corporation, Report RM 4087-PR, Santa Monica, California (1963)
S. R. Petrick, On the use of syntax-based translators for symbolic and algebraic manipulation, in “Proc. Second Symp. on Symbolic and Algebraic Manip.” (S. R. Petrick, ed.), Los Angeles, California (1971), pp. 224–237.
P. Culicover, J. Kimball, C. Lewis, D. Loveman, and J. Moyne, “An Automated Recognition Grammar for English,” IBM, FSC69–5007. Cambridge, Massachusetts (1969).
D. B. Loveman, J. A. Moyne, and R. G. Tobey, CUE: A processor system for restricted, natural English, in “Proc. Symp. Inf. Storage and Retrieval” University of Maryland (1971), pp. 47–49.
W. A. Woods, Transition network grammars for natural language analysis,” Commun. ACM 13, 591–606 (1970).
N. Lindgren, Machine recognition of human language, Parts I—III, IEEE Spectrum 2 (3), 114–136 (1965).
N. Lindgren, Machine recognition of human language, Parts I—III, IEEE Spectrum 2 (4), 44–59 (1965).
N. Lindgren, Machine recognition of human language, Parts I—III, IEEE Spectrum 2 (5), 104–116 (1965).
Additional references
M. A. Arbib, “Algebraic Theory of Machines, Languages and Semigroups,” Academic Press, New York (1968).
T. L. Booth, “Sequential Machines and Automata Theory,” Wiley, New York (1967).
J. T. Tou (ed.), “Applied Automata Theory,” Academic Press, New York (1963).
A. A. Markov, The theory of algorithms, Works of the Mathematics Institute Imeni Steklov 38, 176–189 (1951) [English transi. Trans. AMS, Series 2, 15, 1–14 (1960)].
S. C. Kleene, “Introduction to Metamathematics,” Van Nostrand, Princeton, New Jersey (1952).
A. Gill, “Introduction to the Theory of Finite-State Machines,” McGraw-Hill, New York (1962).
C. E. Shannon, Computers and automata, Proc. IRE 41, 1234–1241 (1953).
R. McNaughton, The theory of automata, a survey, in “Advances in Computers” (F. Alt, ed.), Academic Press, New York (1961).
S. Ginsburg, “An Introduction to Mathematical Machine Theory,” Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1962).
S. Ginsburg, “The Mathematical Theory of Context-Free Languages,” McGraw-Hill, New York (1966).
M. P. Schützenberger, On context-free languages and pushdown automata, Inf. and Control 6, 246–264 (1963).
S. A. Greibach, A new normal-form theorem for context-free phrase-structure grammars, J. ACM 12, 42–52 (1965).
S. A. Greibach, “Inverses of Phrase Structure Generators,” Harvard PhD Thesis. Report NSF-11, Comp. Lab. Harvard University (1963).
A. G. Oettinger, Automatic syntactic analysis and the pushdown store, in “Proc. Symp. on Appl. Math.,” AMS (1961), Vol. 12.
S. C. Kleene, General recursive functions of natural numbers, Math. Annalen 112, 727–742 (1936).
A. Church, An unsolvable problem of elementary number theory, Am. J. Math. 58, 345–363 (1936).
E. Post, Finite Combinatory processes, formulation I, J. Symbolic Logic 1, 103–105 (1936).
E. Post, A variant of recursively unsolvable problem, Bull. AMS 52, 264–268 (1946).
M. Davis, “Computability and Unsolvability,” McGraw-Hill, New York (1958).
P. C. Fisher, Multiple and infinite state automata—A survey, Commun. ACM 8, 799–805 (1965).
C. E. Shannon, A universal Turing machine with two internal states, in “Automata Studies” (C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy, eds.), Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey (1956).
J. Myhill, “Linear Bounded Automata,” WADD Tech. Note, 60–165, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (1960).
E. Bach, “An Introduction to Transformational Grammars,” Holt, Pinehart and Winston, New York (1946).
D. A. Reibel and S. A. Schane, “Modern Studies in English: Readings in Transformational Grammar,” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1969).
C. J. Fillmore and D. T. Langendoen (Eds.), “Studies in Linguistic Semantics,” Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York (1971).
W. L. Chafe, “Meaning and the Structure of Language,” University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1970).
J. Lyons, “Structural Semantics,” Basil Blackwell, Oxford (1967).
K. Kiefer (Ed.), “Studies in Syntax and Semantics,” D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland (1970).
N. Chomsky, Some general properties of phonological rules, Language, 43, 102–128 (1967).
M. Halle, Phonology in generative grammar, Word 18, 54–72 (1962).
M. Halle, On the bases of phonology, in “The Structure of Language” (J. A. Fodor and J. J. Katz, eds.), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1964), pp. 324–333.
R. Jakobson, “Selected Writings I,” Mouton, The Hague (1962).
N. S. Trubetzkoy, “Grundzüge der Phonologie,” Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen (1958).
P. M. Postal, “Aspects of Phonological Theory,” Harper and Row, New York (1968).
S. Ginsburg and B. Partee, A mathematical model of transformational grammars, Inf. and Control 15, 297–334 (1969).
A. Salomaa, The generative capacity of transformational grammars of Ginsburg and Partee,” Inf. and Control 18, 227–232 (1971).
H. Putnam, Some issues in the theory of grammar, in “Structure of Language and its Mathematical Aspects” (R. Jakobson, ed.), AMS, Providence, Rhode Island (1961).
E. Irons, A syntax directed compiler for algol 60, Comm. ACM 4, 1 (1961).
P. Naur, Report on the algorithmic language algol 60, Comm. ACM, 3, 299–314 (1960).
K. E. Iverson, “Formalism in Programming Languages,” IBM Research Report RC-992, Yorktown Heights, New York (1963).
K. E. Iverson, “A Programming Language,” Wiley, New York (1962).
R. E. Stearns and P. M. Lewis, Property grammars and table machines, Inf. and Control 14, 524–549 (1969).
D. E. Knuth, “The Art of Computer Programming,” Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts (1968).
J. McCarthy, A basis for a mathematical theory of computation, in Computer Programming and Formal Systems, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1963), pp. 33–70.
J. E. Sammet, “Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals,” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1969).
J. W. de Bakker, “Formal Definition of Programming Languages,” Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam (1967).
H. Borko (Ed.), “Computer Applications in the Behavioral Sciences,” Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1962).
D. G. Hays, “Introduction to Computational Linguistics,” American Elsevier, New York (1967).
P. L. Garvin (Ed.), “Natural Language and the Computer,” McGraw-Hill, New York (1963).
W. Plath, Mathematical linguistics, in “Trends in European and American Linguistics,” Spectrum, Utrecht (1961), pp. 21–57.
J. Robinson, “Preliminary Codes and Rules for the Automatic Parsing of English,” RAND Corp. RM-3339-PR, Santa Monica, California (1962).
V. Yngve, A model and a hypothesis for language structure, Proc. Am. Phil. Sod. 104, 444–446 (1960).
N. Rochester, The use of English for communicating with a computer, in “Proc. Inf. Systems Symp.,” IBM, Washington, D.C. (1968), pp. 195–202.
W. J. Plath, “Specifications and Utilization of Transformational Grammars,” Clearing House for Fed. Sci. and Tech. Inf., AD 679–633, Springfield, Virginia (IBM Sci. Report 3, July 1968).
N. Rochester and R. Goldfinger (Eds.), Special issue on computer languages, IEEE Trans. EC-13 (4) (August 1964).
S. Kuno and A. Oettinger, Multiple-path syntactic analysis, in “Proc. IFIP Cong”, Munich (1962).
H. Dewar, P. Bratley, and J. P. Thorne, A program for the syntactic analysis of English sentences, Commun. ACM 8 , 416–419 (1969).
M. R. Quillian, The teachable language comprehender: a simulation program and theory of language, Commun. ACM 8, 459–476 (1969).
S. J. Keyser, “Machine Recognition of Transformational Grammars,” AFCRL Doc. 67–0316, Brandeis University (1967).
G. Salton and M. E. Lesk, The SMART automatic document retrieval system—An illustration, Commun. ACM 8, 391–398 (1965).
H. Borko (Ed.), “Automated Language Processing,” Wiley, Sons, New York (1967).
D. G. Hays and R. Ma, “Computational Linguistics: Bibliography,” 1964, RAND Corp, RM-4523-PR, Santa Monica, California (1965).
Robert M. Schwarcz, John F. Burger, and Robert F. Simmons, “A deductive question-answerer for natural language inference,” Commun. ACM 13, 167–183 (1970).
M. A. Rahimi, “Keyword Index Bibliography of Automata, Formal Languages and Computability Theory,” ACM, SIGACT, 5 (May 1970).
A. H. Roberts (Ed.), Language and Automation, An international reference publication (Journal).
Linguistics in Documentation (Current abstract of papers and publications on linguistics and computational linguistics), Fédération internationale de documentation (periodical).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1974 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moyne, J.A. (1974). Some Grammars and Recognizers for Formal and Natural Languages. In: Tou, J.T. (eds) Advances in Information Systems Science. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8246-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8246-5_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-8248-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-8246-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive