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Evolutionary Biology pp 187–222Cite as

The Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster

Selection at an Enzyme Locus

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Abstract

In the late sixties the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution, hitherto generally accepted by biologists, was confronted with a new, revolutionary view: the theory of neutral or non-Darwinian evolution. In the neutralist view amino acid and nucleotide changes in the course of evolution are mainly due to random fixation of selectively neutral mutants (Kimura, 1968; King and Jukes, 1969). The approximately constant rate of evolution in terms of amino acid substitutions per site per year for various lineages, as claimed by neutralists, forms one of the main arguments for the neutralist theory. Enzyme polymorphisms in present-day populations are considered as a phase in molecular evolution (Kimura and Ohta, 1971; Kimura, 1977). The first estimates of the extent of enzyme polymorphisms in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura (Lewontin and Hubby, 1966) and humans (Harris, 1966) based on electrophoresis of proteins were soon followed by many others, covering a wide range of animal and plant species. These surveys showed that most species are highly polymorphic [see reviews by Powell (1975), Nevo (1978), A. H. D. Brown (1979), and Hamrick et al. (1979)]. In the neutralist versus selectionist controversy the nature of these allozyme polymorphisms is disputed. Thw neutralist hypothesis states that the observed variation is mainly a product of mutation and drift of selectively neutral genes. The selectionist hypothesis claims that some from of balancing selection is resposible for the maintenance of allozyme polymorphisms.

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  1. Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, 9751, NN Haren, The Netherlands

    W. van Delden

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  1. Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA

    Max K. Hecht

  2. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Bruce Wallace

  3. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, USA

    Ghillean T. Prance

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van Delden, W. (1982). The Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster . In: Hecht, M.K., Wallace, B., Prance, G.T. (eds) Evolutionary Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6968-8_4

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