Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Eating Disorders

  • Chapter
The Practitioner’s Guide to Psychoactive Drugs

  • 133 Accesses

Abstract

The eating disorders discussed in this chapter include anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and a new diagnostic entity called binge eating disorder (BED), which appears to be prominent among the obese population. AN and BN have increased in prevalence over the last 20 years and are characterized by disturbed eating behavior and body image.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Casper R. C.: The pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Annu Rev Nutr 6: 299–316, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lucas A. R., Beard C. M., O’Fallon W. M., Kurland L. T.: 50-Year trends in the incidence of anorexia nervosa in Rochester, MN: A population-based study. Am J Psychiatry 148: 917–922, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Schotte D. E., Stunkard A. J.: Bulimia vs bulimic behaviors on acollege campus. JAMA 258: 1213–1215, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fairburn C. G., Beglin S. J.: Studies of the epidemiology of bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 147: 401–408, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pope H.g., Hudson J., Yurgium-Todd D.: Anorexia nervosa and bulimia among 300 women shoppers. Am J Psychiatry 141: 292–294, 1984.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Halmi K. A., Casper R. C., Eckert E. D., et al: Unique features associated with the age of onset of anorexia nervosa. Psychiatr Res 1: 209–215, 1979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cantwell D. P., Steuzenberger S., Burroughs J., Salkin B., Green J. K.: Anorexia nervosa: An affective disorder? Arch Gen Psychiatry 34: 1087–1093, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gershon E. S., Schreiber J. L., Hamovit J. R., Dibble E. D., Kaye W., Nurnberger J. I., Jr., et al: Clinical findings in patients with anorexia nervosa and affective illness in their relatives. Am J Psychiatry 141: 1419–1422, 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hsu L. K. G., Crisp A. H., Harding B.: Outcome of anorexia nervosa. Lancet 1: 61–65, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Halmi K. A., Eckert E., Marchi P., Sampugnaro V., Apple R., Cohen J.: Comorbidity of psychiatric diagnoses in anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48: 712–718, 1991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brotman AW, Rigotti NA, Herzog DB. Medical complications of eating disorders. Compr Psychiatry 26: 258–272, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Garner D. M., Garfinkel P. E., Schwartz D., et al: Cultural expectations of thinness in women. Psychol Rep 47: 483–491, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bruch H.: Eating Disorders: Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa and the Person Within. New York, Basic Books

    Google Scholar 

  14. Selvini Palazolli M.: Self-Starvation. London, Chaucer Publishing, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Geist R. A.: Psychotherapeutic dilemmas in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: A self-psychological perspective. Contemp Psychother Rev 2(Fal1), 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gilligan C.: In a Different Voice. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  17. Steiner-Adair C. The body politic: Normal female adolescent development and the development of eating disorders. J Am Acad Psychoanal 14(1): 95–114, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Holland A. J., Sicotte N., Treasure J.: Anorexia nervosa: Evidence for a genetic basis. J Psychosom Res 32: 561–571, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Strober M., Lampert C., Morrell W., Burroughs J., Jacobs C.: A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa: Evidence of familial aggregation and lack of shared transmission with affective disorders. Int J Eating Disord 9: 239–253, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kaye W. H., Jimerson D. C., Lake C. R., Ebert M. H.: Altered norepinephrine metabolism following long-term weight recovery in patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 14: 333–342, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaye W. H., Gwirtsman H. E., George D. T., Ebert M. H.: Altered serotonin activity in anorexia nervosa after long term weight restoration: Does elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level correlate with rigid and obsessive behavior? Arch Gen Psychiatry 48: 556–562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. America Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Walsh B. T.: Diagnostic criteria for eating disorders in DSM IV; work in progress. Int J Eating Disord 11: 301–304, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Herzog D. B., Keller M. B., Lavori P. W., Ott I. L.: Short-term prospective study of recovery in bulimia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 23: 45–55, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Keller M.B., Herzog D.B., Lavori P.W., Bradburn I.S., Mahoney E.M.: The naturalistic history of bulimia nervosa: Extraordinary high rates of chronicity, recurrence, and psychosocial morbidity. Int J Eating Disorders 12: 1–9, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Herzog D. B., Sacks N. R.: Bulimia nervosa: Comparison of treatment responders vs nonresponders. Psychopharmacol Bull 29(1): 121–125, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Herzog D. B., Copeland P. M.: Eating disorders. N Engl J Med 313: 481–487, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Polivy J., Herman C. P.: Dieting and hinging: A casual analysis. Am Psychol 40: 193–201, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Jimerson D. C., Lesem M. D., Hegg A. P., Brewerton T. D.: Serotonin in human eating disorders, in: Whitaker-Aximita P. M., Peroutka S. J. (eds): The Neuropharmacology of Serotonin, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol 600. New York, New York Academy of Sciences, 1990, pp 532–544.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jimerson D. C., Lesem M. D., Kaye W. H., Brewerton T. D.: Low serotonin and dopamine metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from bulimic patients with frequent binge episodes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 132–138, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Brewerton T. D., Mueller E. A., Lesem M. D., Brandt H. A., Quearry B., George D. T., et al: Neuroendocrine responses to m-chlorophenylpiperazine and L-tryptophan in bulimia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 852–861, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kaye W. H., Ballenger J. C., Lydiard R. B., Stuart G. W., Laraia M. T., O’Neil P., et al: CSF monoamine levels in normal-weight bulimia: Evidence for abnormal noradrenergic activity. Am J Psychiatry 147: 225–229, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Jimerson D. C.: Brambilla F. (eds): Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Disorders of Eating Behavior. Oxford, Pergamon Press 1996, pp. 57–62.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Morley J. E., Levine A. S., Gosnell B. A., Mitchell J. E., Krahn D. D., Nizielski S. E.: Peptides and feeding. Peptides 6: 181–192, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Geracioti T. D., Liddle R. A.: Impaired cholecystokinin secretion in bulimia nervosa. N Engl J Med 319: 683–688, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Hudson J. I., Pope H. G., Jonas J. M., Yurgelun-Todd D.: Phenomenologic relationship of eating disorders to major affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 9: 345–354, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Piran N., Kennedy S., Garfinkel P. E., Owens M.: Affective disturbance in eating disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 173: 395–400, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Walsh B. T., Roose S. P., Glassman A. H., Gladis M., Saidk C.: Bulimia and depression. Psychosom Med 47: 123–130. 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jimerson, D. C., Lesem M. D., Kaye W. H., Hegg A. P., Brewerton T. D.: Eating disorders and depression: Is there a serotonin connection? Biol Psychiatry 28: 443–454.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hudson J. I., Pope H. G. Jr., Yurgelun-Todd D., Jonas J. M., Frankenburg F. R.: A controlled study of lifetime prevalence of affective and other psychiatric disorders in bulimic outpatients. Am J Psychiatry 144: 1283–1287, 1987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Fichter M. M., Quadflieg N., Rief W.: Course of multi-impulsive bulimia. Psychol Med 24: 591–604, 1994.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Spitzer R. L., Devlin M., Walsh B. T., Hasin D., Wing R., Marcus M., et al: Binge eating disorder: A multi-site field trial of the diagnostic criteria. Int J Eating Disord 11: 191–203, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Hudson J. I., Pope G. H., Wurtman J., Yurgelun-Todd D., Mark S., Rosenthal N. E.: Bulimia in obese individuals: Relationship to normal-weight bulimia. J Nevr Ment Dis 176: 144–152, 1988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Devlin M. J., Walsh B. T., Spitzer R. L., Hasin D.: Is there another binge eating disorder? A review of the literature on overeating in the absence of bulimia nervosa. J Eating Disord 11: 333–340, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Fairburn C. G., Jones R., Peveler R. C., Carr S. J., Solomon R. A., O’Connor M. E., et al: Three psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa: A comparative trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48: 463–469, 1991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hsu L. K. G.: The outcome of anorexia nervosa: A reappraisal [Editorial], Psychol Med 18: 807–812.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lacey J. H., Crisp A. H.: Hunger, food intake and weight, the impact of clomipramine on a refeeding anorexia nervosa population. Postgrad Med J 56: 79–85, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Biederman J., Herzog D. B., Rivinus T.: Amitriptyline in anorexia nervosa: A double blind study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 5: 10–16, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Halmi K. A., Eckert E., LaDu T. H., Cohen J.: Anorexia nervosa: Treatment efficacy of cyproheptadine and amitriptyline. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43: 177–181, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Vigersky R. A., Loriaux D. L.: The effect of cyproheptadine in anorexia nervosa: A double blind trial, in Vigersky RA (ed): Anorexia Nervosa. New York, Raven Press, 1977, pp 349–356.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Gross H. A., Ebert M. H., Faden V. B., et al: A double blind controlled trial of lithium carbonate in primary anorexia nervosa. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1: 376–381, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Casper R. C., Schlemmer R. F. Jr., Javaid J. I.: A placebo controlled crossover study of oral clonidine in acute anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 20: 249–260, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Moldofsky H., Jeuniewic N., Garfinkel P. E.: Preliminary report on metoclopramide in anorexia nervosa, in Vigersky RA (ed): Anorexia Nervosa. New York, Raven Press, 1977, pp 373–376.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gross H., Ebert M. H., Faden V. B., Goldberg S. C., Kaye W. H., Caine E. D., et al: A double blind trial of delta-tetrahydrocannabinol in primary anorexia nervosa. J Clin Psychopharmacol 3: 165–171, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Vandereycken W., Pierloot R.: Pimozide combined with behavior therapy in the short term treatment of anorexia nervosa: A double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 66: 445–460, 1982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Vandereycken W.: Neuroleptics in the short term treatment of anorexia nervosa: A double blind placebo controlled study with sulpiride. Br J Psychiatry 144: 288–292, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Gwirtsman H. E., Guze B. H., Yager J., Gainsley B.: Fluoxetine treatment of anorexia nervosa: An open clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry 51: 378–382, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kaye W. H., Weltzin T. E., Hsu L. K. G., Bulik C. M.: An open trial of fluoxetine in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Psychiatry 52: 464–471, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hudson J. I., Pope H. G., Jonas J. M., et al: Treatment of anorexia nervosa with antidepressants. J Clin Psychopharmacol 5: 17–22, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Fahy T. A., Eisler I., Russell G. F.: A placebo controlled trial of d-fenfluramine in bulimia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 162: 597–603, 1993.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kennedy S. H., Goldbloom D. S., Ralevski E., Davis C., Dsouza J. D., Lofchy J.: Is there a role for selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy in bulimia nervosa? A placebo controlled trial of brofaromine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 13: 415–422, 1993.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Sabine E. T., Yonaie A., Forringten A. T., et al: Bulimia nervosa: A placebo controlled double blind trial of mianserin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 16: 1955–2025, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pope H. G., Hudson J. I., Jones J. M., et al: Bulimia treated with imipramine: A placebo controlled double blind study. Am J Psychiatry 140: 554–558, 1983.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Walsh B. T., Gladis M., Roose S. P., et al: Phenelzine vs. placebo in 50 patients with bulimia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 9: 254–259, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Mitchell J. E., Grout R.: A placebo controlled double blind trial of amitriptyline in bulimia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 4: 193–196, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Hughes, P. L., Wells L. A., Cunningham L. J., et al: Treating bulimia with desipramine: A placebo controlled double blind study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43: 182–186, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Agras W. S., Dorian B., Kirkley B. J., et al: Imipramine in the treatment of bulimia: A double blind controlled study. Int J Eating Disord 6: 29–38, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Kaplan A. S.: Anticonvulsant treatment of eating disorders, in Garfinkel P. E., Garner D. M. (eds): The Role of Drug Treatments for Eating Disorders. New York, Brunner/Mazel, 1987, pp 181–192.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Blouin A. G., et al: Treatment of bulimia with fenfluramine and desipramine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8: 261–269, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Barlow J., Blouin J. H., Blouin A., et al: Treatment of bulimia with desipramine: A double blind crossover study. Can J Psychiatry 330: 129–133, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Horne R. L., Ferguson J. M., Pope H. G. Jr., et al: Treatment of bulimia with bupropion: A multi-center controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 49: 262–266, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kennedy S. H., et al: A trial of isocarboxazid in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8: 391–396, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Mitchell J. E., Grout R.: A placebo controlled double blind trial of amitriptyline in bulimia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 4(4): 186–193, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Pope H. G., Keck P. E., et al: A placebo controlled study of trazodone in bulimia nervosa. J Clin Psychopharmacol 9: 254–259, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mitchell J. E., Pyle R. L., Eckert E. D., Hatsukami D., Pomeroy C., Zimmerman R.: A comparison study of antidepressants and structured intensive group psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 149–157, 1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Walsh B. T., Hadigan C. M., Devlin M. J., Gladis M., Roose S. P.: Longterm outcome of antidepressant treatment for bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 148: 1206–1212, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Fichter M. M., Leibl K., Rief W., Brunner E., Schmidt-Auberger S., Engle R. R.: Fluoxetine versus placebo: A double blind study with bulimic inpatients undergoing intensive psychotherapy. Pharmacopsychiatry 24(1): 1–7, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Fluoxetine Bulimia Study Group: Fluoxetine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa: A multi-centered placebo controlled double blind trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 139–147, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. McCann U. D., Agras W. S.: Successful treatment of nonpurging bulimia nervosa with desipramine: A double-blind, placebo controlled study. 147: 1509–1513, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Marcus M. D., Wing P. R., Weing L., Kern E., McDermott M., Gooding W.: A double-blind, placebo controlled trial of fluoxetine plus behavior modification in the treatment of obese binge-eaters and nonbinge eaters. 147: 876–881, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Abraham S. F., Mira M., Llewellyn-Jones D.: Bulimia: A study of outcome. 2: 175–180, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Fichter N. M., Quadflieg N., Rief W.: The German longitudinal bulimia nervosa study I, in Herzog W., Deter H. C., Vandereycken W., (eds): The Course of Eating Disorders: Long-Time Follow-up Studies of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992, pp 591–604.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Herzog D. B., Keller M. B., Lavori P. W., Ott I. L.: Short term prospective study of recovery in bulimia. Psychiatry Res 23: 45–55, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Herzog D. B., Keller M. B., Lavori P. W.: Outcome in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A review of the literature. J Clin Psychiatry 53(5): 147–152, 1992.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hsu L.K.: Eating Disorders. New York, Guilford Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Lacey H.: Bulimia nervosa, binge eating, and psychogenic vomiting: A controlled treatment study and long term outcome. Brit Med J 63: 433–442, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Mitchell J. E., Davis L., Goff G., et al: A follow up study of patients with bulimia. Int J Eat Disord 5: 441–450, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Pope H. G., Hudson J. I., Jonas J. M.: Antidepressant treatment of bulimia: Preliminary experience and practical recommendations. J Clin Psychopharmacol 3(5): 274–281, 1983.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Swift W. J., Kalin N. H., Wamboldt F. S., Kaslow N., Ritholz M.: Depression in bulimia at 2 to 5 year follow up. Psychiatry Res 16: 111, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  90. APA Practice Guidelines: Practice guidelines for eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry 150(2): 209–228, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Jimerson D. C., Herzog D. B., and Brotman A. W.: Pharmacologic approaches in the treatment of eating disorders. Harvard Rev Psychiatry 1: 82–93, 1993.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA

    Andrew W. Brotman M.D.

  2. Eating Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA

    David B. Herzog M.D.

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA

    David C. Jimerson M.D.

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA

    Andrew W. Brotman M.D., David B. Herzog M.D. & David C. Jimerson M.D.

Authors
  1. Andrew W. Brotman M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David B. Herzog M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David C. Jimerson M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA

    Alan J. Gelenberg M.D.

  2. The Better Homes Fund, Newton Centre, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Ellen L. Bassuk M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brotman, A.W., Herzog, D.B., Jimerson, D.C. (1998). Eating Disorders. In: Gelenberg, A.J., Bassuk, E.L. (eds) The Practitioner’s Guide to Psychoactive Drugs. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5877-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5877-4_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7695-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5877-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation