Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modeling to Predict Biodegradability

Applications in Risk Assessment and Chemical Design

  • Chapter
Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 54))

  • 358 Accesses

Abstract

In the US, the safety of specific chemical substances is evaluated primarily under three statutes. Substances used as food additives, drugs and cosmetics are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Chemical substances proposed for use as pesticides are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), which imposes a host of data requirements for any submitter seeking to register the substance as an active ingredient. Industrial chemicals are regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; Public Law 94–469), which was enacted by Congress in 1976 in response to a perceived need to limit exposure to “environmental chemicals” such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). As stated in the Act, its primary purpose is “to assure that…innovation and commerce in…chemical substances and mixtures do not present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment” (TSCA, section 2(b)). TSCA requirements are different for existing substances and substances not yet in production (“new” chemicals). One of the first tasks of the newly created Office of Toxic Substances (now the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; OPPT) was to assemble and publish a list of chemical substances already in commerce. This was accomplished in July, 1979 as the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory, which listed approximately 50,000 substances then in production or being imported into the US. Since that time the Inventory has grown to include over 70,000 substances by the addition of new chemicals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Chemical Ranking and Scoring: Principles and Guidelines (draft), Proceedings of the workshop: Chemical Ranking and Scoring, Destin, FL, 11–16 Feb 1995; SETAC Press: Pensacola, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chapman, P. J. In Workshop: Microbial Degradation of Pollutants in marine Environments; Bourquin, A. W.; Pritchard, P. H., Eds.; USEPA report no. 600/9-79-012; US Environmental Protection Agency: Gulf Breeze, FL, 1979; pp 28–66.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gibson, D. T. In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry; Hutzinger, O., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany, 1980, Vol. 2A; pp 161–192.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dagley, S. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1987, 41, pp 1–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Scow, K. M. In Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods; Lyman, W. J.; Reehl, W. F.; Rosenblatt, D. H., Eds.; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, 1982; pp 9–1 to 9–85.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Howard, P. H.; Boethling, R. S.; Stiteler, W. M.; Meylan, W. M.; Hueber, A. E.; Beauman, J. A.; Larosche, M. E. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1992, 11, pp 593–603.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Boethling, R. S.; Howard, P. H.; Meylan, W. M.; Stiteler, W. M.; Beauman, J. A.; Tirado, N. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, pp 459–465.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Howard, P. H.; Hueber, A. E.; Boethling, R. S. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1987, 6, pp 1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Howard, P. H.; Sage, G. W.; LaMacchia, A.; Colb, A. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1982, 22, pp 38–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Niemi, G. J.; Veith, G. D.; Regal, R. R.; Vaishnav, D. D. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1987, 6, pp 515–527.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gombar, V. K.; Enslein, K. In Applied Multivariate Analysis in SAR and Environmental Studies; Devillers, J; Karcher, W., Eds.; Kluwer: Boston, MA, 1991; pp 377–414.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Klopman, G.; Balthasar, D. M.; Rosenkranz, H. S. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1993, 12, pp 231–240.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tabak, H. H.; Govind, R. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1993, 12, pp 251–260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Boethling, R. S.; Gregg, B.; Frederick, R.; Gabel, N. W.; Campbell, S. E.; Sabljic, A. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 1989, 18, pp 252–267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Weininger, D. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1988, 28, pp 31–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Swisher, R. D. Surfactant Biodegradation, 2nd ed.; Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 18; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Painter, H. A. In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry; Hutzinger, O., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany, 1992, Vol. 3F; pp 1–88.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rapaport, R. A.; Eckhoff, W. S. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1990, 9, pp 1245–1257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fredell, D. L. In Cationic Surfactants; Cross, J.; Singer, E. J., Eds; Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 53; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1994; pp 31–60.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cross, J. In Cationic Surfactants; Cross, J.; Singer, E. J., Eds.; Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 53; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1994; pp 3–28.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Boethling, R. S. In Cationic Surfactants; Cross, J.; Singer, E. J., Eds.; Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 53; Marcel Dekker: New York, NY, 1994; pp 95–135.

    Google Scholar 

  22. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC). DTDMAC: Aquatic and Terrestrial Hazard Assessment. CAS No. 61789-80-8; Technical Report No. 53; ECETOC: Brussels, Belgium, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA). Alkylphenol Ethoxylates. Human Health and Environmental Effects; Interim Report; CMA: Washington, DC, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  24. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment. Industry: Screen printing. Use Cluster: Screen Reclamation; USEPA report no. 744R-94-005; USEPA: Washington, DC, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Naylor, C. G. Environmental Fate of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates; paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the US Soap and Detergent Association, Boca Raton, FL, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Holt, M. S.; Mitchell, G. C; Watkinson, R. J. In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry; Hutzinger, O., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany, 1992, Vol. 3F; pp 89–144.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cahn, A.; Lynn, Jr., J. L. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed.; Grayson, M.; Eckroth, D., Eds.; Wiley: New York, NY, 1983, Vol. 22; pp 332–432.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Jobling, S.; Sumpter, J. P. Aquat. Toxicol. 1993, 27, pp 361–372.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Peaff, G. Chem. Eng. News 1994, 72 (September 26), pp 8–13.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Yeh, C. K.; Novak, J. T. Water Environ. Res. 1994, 66, pp 744–752.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Suflita, J. M.; Mormile, M. R. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, pp 976–978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Mormile, M. R.; Suflita, J. M. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, pp 1727–1732.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Newman, A. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, p 305A.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Anderson, E. V. Chem. Eng. News 1993, 71 (September 20), pp 9–12, 16-18.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 7406, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC, 20460, USA

    Robert S. Boethling

Authors
  1. Robert S. Boethling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA

    Gary S. Sayler , John Sanseverino  & Kimberly L. Davis ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Boethling, R.S. (1997). Modeling to Predict Biodegradability. In: Sayler, G.S., Sanseverino, J., Davis, K.L. (eds) Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment. Environmental Science Research, vol 54. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5395-3_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5395-3_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-7463-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5395-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation