Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Brucellosis

  • Chapter
Bacterial Infections of Humans

Abstract

Brucellosis is an infectious disease of animals (zoonosis) that is transmissible to humans. Man is always an accidental host, playing no role in maintaining the disease in nature. In the United States, brucellosis has largely been controlled as a result of the Federal/State Cooperative Bovine Brucellosis Eradication Program.(1) Consequently, reports of human brucellosis have declined to about 100 cases per year.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Brown, G., The history of the brucellosis eradication program in the United States, Ann. Sclavo. 19:19–34 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Vassallo, D. J., The corps disease: Brucellosis and its historical association with the Royal Army Medical Corps, J. R. Army Med. Corps 138:140–150 (1992).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hughes, M. L., Mediterranean, Malta,or Undulant Fever, Macmillan, London, 1897.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Williams, E., The Mediterranean Fever Commission: Its origin and achievement, in: Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects (E. J. Young and M. J. Corbel, eds.), pp. 11–23, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bang, B., The etiology of epizootic abortion, J. Comp. Pathol. Ther. 10:125–149 (1897).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Evans, A. C., Further studies on Bacterium abortus and related bacteria. II. A comparison of Bacterium abortus with Bacterium bronchisepticus and with the organism which causes Malta fever, J. Infect. Dis. 22:580–593 (1918).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Orpen, L. J. J., The connection between undulant (Malta) fever and contagious abortion, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 22:7579 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Morales-Otero, P., Experimental infection of Brucella abortus in man: Preliminary report, Puerto Rico J. Pub. Hlth. Trop. Med. 5:144–157 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Keefer, C. S., Report of a case of Malta fever originating in Baltimore, Maryland, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 35:6–10 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mohler, J. R., Infectious abortion in cattle, in: Annual Report, p. 30, US Bureau Animal Industry, 1913–1914.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hardy, A. V., Jordan, C. F., Borts, I. H., and Hardy, G. C., Undulant fever with special reference to a study of Brucella infections in Iowa, US Natl. Inst. Health Bull. 158:1–89 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Corbel, M. J., Brucellosis: Epidemiology and prevalence worldwide, in: Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects (E. J. Young and M. J. Corbel, eds.), pp. 25–40, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Carmichael, L. E., and Bruner, D. W., Characteristics of a newly recognized species of Brucella responsible for infectious canine abortions, Cornell Vet. 58:579–592 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hall, W. H., Epidemic brucellosis in beagles, J. Infect. Dis. 124:615–617 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Brown, J., Blue, J. L., Wooley, R. E., and Dreesen, D. W., Brucella canis infectivity rates in stray and pet dog populations, Am. J. Public Hlth. 66:889–992 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Swenson, R. M., Carmichael, L. E., and Cundy, K. R., Human infection with Brucella canis, Ann. Intern. Med. 76:435–438 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Summary of notifiable diseases, United Stats, 1994, Morbid. Mortal. Week. Rep. 43 (53):24 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Texas Department of Health, Underreporting of four infectious diseases by Texas hospitals, Dis. Prevent. News 53 (7):1–3 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Brucellosis, Sixth Report, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  20. US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Veterinary Services, Brucellosis Epidemiology Conference Proceedings, Memphis, TN, April 2–4, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gotuzzo, E., Carrillo, C., Guerra, J., and Llosa, L., An evaluation of diagnostic methods for brucellosis: The value of bone marrow cultures, J. Infect. Dis. 153:122–125 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Solomon, H. M., and Jackson, D., Rapid diagnosis of Brucella melitensis in blood: Some operational characteristics of the BACT/ALERT, J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:222–224 (1992).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Navas, E., Guerrero, A., Cobo, J., and Llosa, E., Faster isolation of Brucella spp. from blood by isolator compared to Bactec NR, Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16:78–81 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bricker, B. J., and Hailing, S. M., Differentiation of Brucella abortus by. 1,2, and 4, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis by. I by PCR, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:2660–2666, 1994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Peiris, V., Faser, S., Fairhurst, M., Weston, D., and Kaczmarski, E., Laboratory diagnosis of brucella infection: Some pitfalls, Lancet 2:1415–1416 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Barham, W. B., Church, P., Brown, J. E., and Paparello, S., Misidentification of Brucella species with use of rapid bacterial identification systems, Clin. Infect. Dis. 17:1068–1069 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Polt, S. S., and Schaefer, J., A microagglutination test for human Brucella canis antibodies, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 77:740–744 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Diaz, R., and Moriyon, I., Laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of human brucellosis, in: Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects (E. J. Young and M. J. Corbel, eds.), pp. 73–83, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Young, E. J., Serologic diagnosis of human brucellosis: Analysis of 214 cases by agglutination tests and review of the literature, Rev. Infect. Dis. 13:359–372 (1991).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Macdonald, A., and Elmslie, W. H., Serologic investigations in suspected brucellosis, Lancet 1:380–382 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Buchanan, T. M., and Faber, L. C., 2-Mercaptoethanol brucella agglutination test: Usefulness for predicting recovery from brucellosis, J. Clin. Microbiol. 11:691–693 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pellicer, T., Ariza, J., Foz, A., Pallares, R., and Gudiol, F., Specific antibodies detected during relapse of human brucellosis, J. Infect. Dis. 157:918–924 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hall, W. H., Manion, R. E., and Zinneman, H. H., Blocking serum lysis of Brucella abortus by hyperimmune rabbit immunoglobulin A, J. Immunol. 107:41–46 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Reddin, J. L., Anderson, R. K., Jenness, R., and Spink, W. W., Significance of 7S and macroglobulin brucella agglutinins in human brucellosis, N. Engl. J. Med. 272:1263–1268 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Araj, G. F., Lulu, A. R., Mustafa, M. Y., and Khateeb, M. I., Evaluation of ELISA in the diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis, J. Hyg. 97:457–469 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Serre, A., Immunology and pathophysiology of human brucellosis, in: Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects (E. J. Young and M. J. Corbel, eds.), pp. 85–95, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bertrand, A., Serre, A., Janbon, F., and Vendrell, J. P., Aspects immunologiques de la brucellose: Etude evolutive et valeur pratique des diverse explorations biologiques, Med. Mal. Infect. 12:582–587 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Bradstreet, P. C. M., Tannahill, A S, Pollock, T. M., and Mogford, H. E., Intradermal test and serological tests in suspected Brucella infection in man, Lancet 1:653 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Corbel, M. J., Microbiology of the genus Brucella, in: Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects (E. J. Young and M. J. Corbel, eds.), pp. 53–72, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Minnick, M. F., and Stiegler, G. L., Nucleotide sequences and comparison of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes of Rochalimeae henselae, R. quintana, and Brucella abortus, Nucleic Acid Res. 21:2518 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Triplett, E. W., Breil, B. T., and Splitter, G. A., Expression of tfx and sensitivity to the rhizobial antibiotic trifolitoxin in a taxonomically distinct group of proteobacteria including the animal pathogen Brucella abortus, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4163–4166 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Verger, J. M., Grimont, F., Grimont, P. A. D., and Grayson, M., Brucella, a monospecific genus as shown by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35:292–295 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Chan, J., Baxter, C., and Wenman, W. M., Brucellosis in an Inuit child, probably related to caribou meat consumption, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 21:337–338 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ewalt, D. R., and Forbes, L. B., Atypical isolates of Brucella abortus from Canada and the United States characterized as dye sensitive with M antigen dominant, J. Clin. Microbiol. 25:698–701 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Banai, M., Mayer, I., and Cohen, A., Isolation, identification, and characterization in Israel of Brucella melitensis biovar 1 atypical strains susceptible to dyes and penicillin, indicating evolution of a new variant, J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1057–1059 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wilson, G. S., and Miles, A. A., The serological differentiation of smooth strains of the Brucella group, Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 13:1–13 (1932).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hall, W. H., Modern chemotherapy for brucellosis in humans, Rev. Infect. Dis. 12:1060–1099 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Ariza, J., Bosch, J., Gudiol, E, Linares, J., Fernandez Viladrich, P., and Martin, R., Relevance of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella melitensis to relapse rate in human brucellosis, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 30:958–960 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 1994, Morbid. Mortal. Week. Rep. 43 (53):24 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Dajani, Y. F., Masoud, A. A., and Barakat, H. F., Epidemiology and diagnosis of brucellosis in Jordan, Eastern Mediterranean Region Epidemiol. Bull. 9:13–22 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lulu, A. R., Araj, G. F., Khateeb, M. I., Mustafa, M. Y., Yusuf, A. R., and Fenech, F. F., Human brucellosis in Kuwait: A prospective study of 400 cases, Q. J. Med. 66:39–54 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Taylor, P. M., and Perdue, J. N., The changing epidemiology of human brucellosis in Texas, 1977–1986, Am. J. Epidemiol. 130:160–165 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Chomel, B. B., DeBess, E. E., Mangiamele, D. M., Reilly, K. F., Farver, T. B., Sun, R. K., and Barrett, L. R., Changing trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in California from 1973 to 1992: A shift toward foodborne transmission, J. Infect. Dis. 170:1216–1223 (1994).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Young, E. J., and Suvannoparrat, U., Brucellosis outbreak attributed to ingestion of unpasteurized goat cheese, Arch. Intern. Med. 135:240–243 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Young, E. J., Brucellosis in travelers and brucella that travels, in: Travel Medicine (R. Steffen, H. O. Lobel, J. Haworth, and D. J. Bradley, eds.), pp. 375–377, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  56. Thapar, M. K., and Young, E. J., Urban outbreak of goat cheese brucellosis, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 5:640–643 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Buchanan, T. M., Hendricks, S. L., Patton, C. M., and Feldman, R. A., Brucellosis in the United States, 1960–1972: An abattoir-associated disease. III. Epidemiology and evidence for acquired immunity, Medicine 53:427–439 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Brucellosis outbreak at a pork processing plant-North Carolina, 1992, Morbid. Mortal. Week Rep. 43:113–116 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Davos, D. E., Cargill, C. F., and Kyrkou, M. R., Brucellosis outbreak at a South Australian abattoir II. Epidemiological investigations, Med. J. Aust. 2:657–660 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Robson, J. M., Harrison, M. W., Wood, R. N., Tilse, H. M., McKay, A. B., and Brodribb, T. R., Brucellosis: Re-emergence and changing epidemiology in Queensland, Med. J. Aust. 159: 153–158 (1993).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Vandercam, B., Zech, F., DeCooman, S., Bughin, C., Gigi, J., and Wauters, G., Isolation of Brucella melitensis from human sperm, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 9:303–304 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Rubin, B., Band, J. D., Wong, P., and Colville, J., Person-toperson transmission of Brucella melitensis, Lancet 1:14–15 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Al-Mofada, S. M., Al-Eissa, Y. A., Saeed, E. S., and Kambal, A. M., Isolation of Brucella melitensis from human milk, J. Infect. 26:346–347 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Gruner, E., Bemasconi, E., Galeazzi, R. L., Buhl, D., Heinzle, R., and Nadal, D., Brucellosis: An occupational hazard for medical laboratory personnel: Report of five cases, Infection 22:33–40 (1994).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Staszkiewicz, J., Lewis, C. M., Colville, J., Zervos, M., and Band, J., Outbreak of Brucella melitensis among microbiology laboratory workers in a community hospital, J. Clin. Microbiol. 29: 287–289 (1991).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Miller, C. D., Songer, J. R., and Sullivan, J. F., A twenty-five year review of laboratory-acquired infections at the National Animal Disease Center, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 48:271–275 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Kiel, F. W., and Khan, M. Y., Brucellosis among hospital employees in Saudi Arabia, Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 14: 268–272 (1993).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Al-Ballaa, S. R., Al-Balla, S. R., Al-Aska, A., Kambal, A., and Al-Hedaithy, M. A., Season variations of culture positive brucellosis at a major teaching hospital, Ann. Saudi Med. 14:12–15 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Escalante, J. A., and Held, J. R., Brucellosis in Peru, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 155:2146–2152 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Young, E. J., Human brucellosis, Rev. Infect. Dis. 5:821–842 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Khuri-Bulos, N. A., Daoud, A. H., and Azab, S. M., Treatment of childhood brucellosis: Results of a prospective trial on 113 children, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 12:377–381 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Al Aska, A. K., Gastrointestinal manifestations of brucellosis in Saudi Arabian patients, Trop. Gastroenterol. 10:217–219 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Lubani, M. M., Dudin, K. I., Sharda, D. C., Abu Sinna, N. M., AlShab, T., Al-Refe’ai, A. A., Labani, S. M., and Nasrullah, A., Neonatal brucellosis, Eur. J. Pediatr. 147:520–522 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Al-Eissa, Y. A., Kambal, A. M., Al-Nasser, M. N., Al-Habib, S. A., Al-Fawaz, I. M., and Al-Zamil, F. A., Childhood brucellosis: A study of 102 cases, Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 9:74–79 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Chusid, M. J., Perzigian, R. W., Dunne, W. M., and Gecht, E. A., Brucellosis: An unusual cause of a child’s fever of unknown origin, Wis. Med. J. 88:11–13 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Keppie, J., Williams, A. E., Witt, K., and Smith, H., The role of erythritol in the tissue localization of the brucellae, Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 46:104–108 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Criscuolo, E., and diCarlo, F. C., El aborto y ostras manifestaciones genecobstetricas en el curso de la brucelosis humana, Rev. Fac. Cien. (Med. Univ. Nac. Cordoba) 12:321–323 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Khan, M. Y., and Kiel, F. W., Outcome of Brucella melitensis in pregnancy, Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Abs. No. 1370, p. 355, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Templeton, J. W., and Adams, L. G., Natural resistance to bovine brucellosis, in: Advances in Brucellosis Research (L. G. Adams, ed.), pp. 144–149, Texas A & M University Press, College Station, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Walus, M. A., and Young, E. J., Concomitant neurocysticercosis and brucellosis, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 94:790–792 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Steffen, R., Antacids-a risk factor in travelers brucellosis? Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 9:311–312 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Young, E. J., Brucella antibodies in veterinarians exposed to strain 19, in: Advances in Brucellosis Research (L. G. Adams, ed.), p. 465, Texas A & M University Press, College Station, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Kaufmann, A. F., Fox, M. D., Boyce, J. M., Anderson, D. C., Potter, M. E., Marton, W. J., and Patton, C. M., Airborne spread of brucellosis, Ann. NYAcad. Sci. 353:105–114 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. McCorquodale, S. M., and DiGiacomo, R. F., The role of wild North American ungulates in the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis: A review, J. Wildl. Dis. 21:351–357 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Davis, D. S., Role of wildlife in transmitting brucellosis, in: Advances in Brucellosis Research (L. G. Adams, ed.), pp. 373–385, Texas A & M University Press, College Station, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Spink, W. W., The Nature of Brucellosis, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Hall, W. H., Studies of immunity to brucellosis and the bactericidal action of human blood against Brucella, Ph.D. thesis, University on Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Young, E. J., Borchert, M., Kretzer, F., and Musher, D. M., Phagocytosis and killing of Brucella by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Infect. Dis. 151:682–690 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Tatum, F. M., Detilleux, P. G., Sacks, J. M., and Hailing, S. M., Construction of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase deletion mutants of Brucella abortus: Analysis of survival in vitro in epithelial and phagocytic cells and in vivo in mice, Infect. Immun. 60:2863–2869 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Canning, P. C., Roth, A., and Deyoe, B. L., Release of 5’-guanosine-monophosphate and adenine by Brucella abortus and their role in intracellular survival of the bacteria, J. Infect. Dis. 154:464–470 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Oliveira, S. C., Zhu, Y., and Splitter, G. A., Recombinant L7/L12 ribosomal protein and y-irradiated Brucella abortus induce a T-helper 1 subset response from murine CD4+ T cells, Immunology 83:659–664 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Zhan, Y., and Cheers, C., Endogenous gamma interferon mediates resistance to Brucella abortus infection, Infect. Immun. 61:4899–4901 (1993).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Sundberg, D., and Spink, W. W., The histopathology of lesions in the bone marrow of patients having active brucellosis, Blood (Special Issue No. 1):7–32 (1947).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Martin-Moreno, S., Soto-Guzman, O., Bemaldo-de-Quiros, J., Reverte-Cejudo, D., and Bascones-Casas, C., Pancytopenia due to hemophagocytosis in patients with brucellosis: A report of four cases, J. Infect. Dis. 147:445–449 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Spink, W. W., Hoffbauer, F. W., Walker, W. W., and Green, R. A., Histopathology of the liver in human brucellosis, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 34:40–58 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Young, E. J., Brucella melitensis hepatitis: The absence of granulomas, Ann. Intern. Med. 91:414–415 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Spink, W. W., Host-parasite relationship in human brucellosis with prolonged illness due to suppuration of the liver and spleen, Am. J. Med. Sci. 247:129–136 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Mousa, A. R. M., Muhtaseb, S. A., Almudallal, D. S., Khodeir, S. M., and Marafie, A. A., Osteoarticular complications of brucellosis: A study of 169 cases, Rev. Infect. Dis. 9:531–543 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ariza, J., Pujol, M., Valverde, J., Nolla, J. M., Rufi, G., Viladrich, P. E, Corredoira, J. M., and Gudiol, F., Brucellar sacroiliitis: Findings in 63 episodes and current relevance, Clin. Infect. Dis. 16:761–765 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Al-Harthi, S. S., The morbidity and mortality pattern of Brucella endocarditis, Int. J. Cardiol. 25:321–324 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Crosby, E., Llosa, L., Quesada, M. M., Carrillo, C., and Gotuzzo, E., Hematologic changes in brucellosis, J. Infect. Dis. 150:419424 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Recommendations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication, Morbid. Mortal. Week. Rep. 42:28 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Hall, W. H., Modern chemotherapy for brucellosis in humans, Rev. Infect. Dis. 12:1060–1099 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Blasco, J. M., and Diaz, R., Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine as a cause of human brucellosis, Lancet 1:805 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Benenson, A. S. (ed.), Control of Communicable Diseases in Man, 15th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

Suggested Reading

  • Madkour, M. M., Brucellosis, Butterworths, Boston, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, K., and Duncan, J. R. (Eds.), Animal Brucellosis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spink, W. W., The Nature of Brucellosis, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, E. J., and Corbel, M. J. (Eds.), Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, E. J., Brucellosis, in: Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 4th ed., (G. L. Mandell, J. E. Bennett, and R. Dolin, eds.), pp. 2053–2060, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA

    Edward J. Young

  2. Infectious Disease Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA

    Wendell H. Hall

Authors
  1. Edward J. Young
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wendell H. Hall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Late of Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Alfred S. Evans

  2. The Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Philip S. Brachman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Young, E.J., Hall, W.H. (1998). Brucellosis. In: Evans, A.S., Brachman, P.S. (eds) Bacterial Infections of Humans. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5327-4_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5327-4_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-45323-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-5327-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation