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Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel

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Pulmonary Immunotoxicology

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Abstract

Of all the malignancies by which man can be afflicted, lung cancer is the most common in the United States, and is second only to bladder cancer in the relative proportion of cases thought to be a result of occupational exposures (Steenland et al., 1996). Although over half of these cases are a result of exposure to asbestos, excessive occupational exposures to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) (among others) have been documented in a recent epidemiological review of occupational lung carcinogens to result in an increased risk for this malignancy (Steenland et al., 1996). Systemic exposure to these metals as a result of inhalation of particles or fumes may contribute to this increased risk. Additionally, metal-induced suppression of pulmonary immune function may either result in this increased risk or may exacerbate other more direct causes. Evidence is rapidly building that the immune system plays a role in tumor identification and rejection (immune surveillance). Xenobiotic-induced suppression of pulmonary immune function may also be a cause of increased pulmonary infection noted in workers exposed occupationally to some specific agents such as metals. Thus, it is important to understand and to continue to expand our knowledge base on how these materials can modulate immune function.

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  1. Toxicology and Product Safety Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI, 48611, USA

    Leigh Ann Burns-Naas Ph.D., D.A.B.T.

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  1. Leigh Ann Burns-Naas Ph.D., D.A.B.T.
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  1. Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA

    Mitchell D. Cohen , Judith T. Zelikoff  & Richard B. Schlesinger ,  & 

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Burns-Naas, L.A. (2000). Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel. In: Cohen, M.D., Zelikoff, J.T., Schlesinger, R.B. (eds) Pulmonary Immunotoxicology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4535-4_10

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