Abstract
The remarkable technological advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), combined with the increasing utility of MRI as a clinical diagnostic modality, have generated a renewed interest in paramagnetic ions and their macromolecular complexes in vivo. The connection should be rather clear: contrast in MRI depends in the main on the relaxation rates of the protons of mobile water molecules of tissue, and these rates can be altered significantly by the introduction of tracer amounts of paramagnetic centers. Indeed, Bloch and collaborators, in their discovery of proton magnetic resonance in liquids over four decades ago (Bloch, 1946; Bloch et al., 1946), added Fe3+ ions to water to increase the proton relaxation rate to a convenient value.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aasa, R., 1970, Powder line shapes in paramagnetic resonance spectra of high-spin ferric complexes, J. Chem. Phys. 52:3919.
Aisen, P. and Listowsky, I., 1980, Iron storage proteins, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 49:357.
Bennett, H. F., Brown III, R. D., Koenig, S. H., and Swartz, H. M., 1987, Effects of nitroxides on the magnetic field and temperature dependence of 1/T 1, of solvent water protons, Magn. Reson. Med. 4:93.
Bloch, F., 1946, Nuclear induction, Phys. Rev. 70:460.
Bloch, F., Hansen, W. W., and Packard, M., 1946, The nuclear induction experiment, Phys. Rev. 70:474.
Brasch, R. C., Wesbey, G. E., Gooding, C. A., and Koerper, M. A., 1984, Magnetic resonance imaging of transfusional hemosiderosis complicating thalassemia major, Radiology 150:767.
Brown III, R. D.--, Brewer, C. F., and Koenig, S. K., 1977, Conformation states of concanavalin A: kinetics of transitions induced by interaction with Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions, Biochemistry, 16:3883.
Enochs, W. S., Hyslop, W. B., Bennett, H. F., Brown III, R. D., Koenig, S. H., and Swartz, H. M., 1989, Sources of the increased longitudinal relaxation rates observed in melinotic melanoma. An in vitro study of synthetic melanins. Invest. Radiol. 24:794.
Gillis, P. and Koenig, S. H., 1987, Transverse relaxation of solvent protons induced by magnetized spheres: application to ferritin, erythrocytes, and magnetite, Magn. Reson. Med. 5:323.
Harrison, P. M., Artymiuk, P. J., Ford, G. C., Lawson, D. M., Smith, J. M. A., Treffry, A., and White, J. L., 1989, Ferritin: function and structural design of an iron-storage protein, in Biomineralization, Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives, S. Mann, J. Webb, and R. J. P. Williams, eds., VCH, Weinheim.
Koenig, S. H., 1978, A novel derivation of the Solomon-Bloembergen Morgen equations: applications to solvent relaxation by Mn2+-protein complexes, J. Magn. Reson. 31:1.
Koenig, S. H., Baglin, C. M., and Brown III, R. D., 1985, Magnetic field dependence of solvent proton relaxation in aqueous solutions of Fe3+ complexes, Magn. Reson. Med. 2:283.
Koenig, S. H. and Brown III, R. D., 1984, Relaxation of solvent protons by paramagnetic ions and its dependence on magnetic field and chemical environment: implications for NMR imaging, Magn. Reson. Med. 1:478.
Koenig, S. H. and Brown III, R. D., 1987a, Relaxometry of Tissue, in “NMR Spectroscopy of Cells and Organisms,” Vol. II, R. K. Gupta, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Koenig, S. H. and Brown III, R. D., 1987b, Relaxometry of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, in “Magnetic Resonance Annual,” H. Y. Kressel, ed., Raven Press, NY.
Koenig, S. H., Brown III, R. D., Gibson, J. F., Ward, R. J., and Peters, T. J., 1986, Relaxometry of ferritin solutions and the influence of the Fe3+ core ions, Magn. Resort. Med. 3:755.
Koenig, S. H. and Gillis, P., 1988, Transverse relaxation (l/T2) of solvent protons induced by magnetized spheres and its relevance to contrast in MRI, Invest. Radiol. (Supplement) 23:S224.
Koenig, S. H. and Schillinger, W. E., 1969, Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion in protein solutions II: transferrin, J. Biol. Chem. 244:6520.
Micklitz, W. and Lippard, S., 1989, Heptadecanuclear mixed metal iron oxo-hydroxo complexes, [Fe16MO10(OH)10(O2CPh)20], M = Mn or Co, structurally comprised of two fragments derived from [Fe11O6(OH)6(O2CPh)15], J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:6856.
Rosenberg, L. P. and Chasteen, N. D., 1982, Initial iron binding to horse spleen apoferritin, in The Biochemistry and Physiology of Iron, P. Saltman and J. Hegenauer, eds.,Elsevier North Holland.
Schenck, J. F., Mueller, O. M., Souza, S. P., Dumoulin, C. L., and Hussain, M. A., 1989, Iron-dependent contrast in NMR imaging of the human brain at 4.0 T, Eighth Annual Meeting, Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Amsterdam, p. 9, (Abstract).
St. Pierre, T. G., Webb, J., and Mann, S., 1989, Ferritin and hemosiderin: structural and magnetic studies of the iron core, in Biomineralization, Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives, S. Mann, J. Webb, and R. J. P. Williams, eds., VCH, Weinheim.
Stark, D. D., Moseley, M. E., Bacon, B. R., Moss, A. A., Goldberg, H. I., Bass, N. M., and James, T. L., 1985, Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of hepatic iron overload, Radiology 154:137.
Thulborn, K. R., Waterton, J. C., Matthews, P. M., and Radda, G. K., 1982, Oxygenation dependence of the transverse relaxation time of water protons in whole blood at high field, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 714:262.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koenig, S.H. (1991). Ferritin, Biomineralization, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In: Frankel, R.B., Blakemore, R.P. (eds) Iron Biominerals. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3810-3_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3810-3_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6699-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3810-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive