Sodium-Potassium Citrate in The Treatment of Residual Stone Fragments Resulting from Extra-Corporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Abstract

Approximately 50% of renal stone patients subjected to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) show a tendency to recurrences because of residual fragments¹. In contact with the supersaturated urine of recurrent calcium oxalate stone (CaOx) formers, fragments may growth or re-form into new stones, particularly as a possible consequence of their inadequate discharge following ESWL². Alteration in body posture, the use of double pigtail ureteric stents, early retreatment ESWL, and percutaneous procedures have been suggested to facilitate their removal. However, a chemical approach for the prophylaxis of these recurrences has never been well evaluated. The aim of this study is to test the efficacy of sodium-potassium citrate for preventing the recurrences of CaOx stones after ESWL.