Abstract
This chapter presents Low-Power (LP) design methodologies at several abstraction levels such as physical, logical, architectural, and algorithmic levels. All the power reduction techniques discussed are related to the dynamic power dissipation. It is shown that LP techniques, at the high-level (algorithmic and architectural) of the design, lead to power savings of several orders of magnitude. Many examples are included to give the reader a quantitative picture of LP issues. Several LP techniques, particularly at the circuit level, have already been discussed in Chapters 4, 6, and 7 including those related to static power considerations. However, they are not reconsidered in this chapter. The power estimation techniques at the circuit, logical, architectural and behavioral levels are overviewed. Power analysis at high-level allows an early prediction and optimization of the power of a system. The LP concepts such as switching activity, glitching, etc., discussed in Chapter 4 are used throughout this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K-Y. Chao, and D. F. Wong, “Low Power Considerations in Floorplan Design,” Proc. of the International Workshop on Low Power Design, pp. 45–50, April 1994.
H. Vaishnav and M. Pedram, “PCUBE: A Performance Driven Placement Algorithm for Lower Power Designs,” Proc. of the EURO-DAC93, pp.72–77, September 1993.
A. Shen, A. Ghosh, S. Devadas, and K. Keutzer, “On Average Power Dissipation and Random Pattern Testability of CMOS Combinational Logic Network,” Proc. of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, pp. 402–407, November 1992.
K. Keutzer, “The Impact of CAD on the Design of Low Power Digital Circuits,” IEEE Symposium on Low Power Electronics, Tech. Dig., pp. 42–45, October 1994.
C-Y. Tsui, M. Pedram, and A. M. Despain, “Technology Decomposition and Mapping Targeting Low Power Dissipation,” 30th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, Tech. Dig., pp.68–73, June 1993.
R. Murgai, R. K. Brayton, and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, “Decomposition of Logic Functions for Minimum Transition Activity,” Proc. of the International Workshop on Low Power Design, pp. 33–38, April 1994.
V. Tiwari, P. Ashar, and S. Malik, “Technology Mapping for Low Power,” 30th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, Tech. Dig., pp.74–79, June 1993.
K. Scott and K. Keutzer, “Improving Cell Libraries for Synthesis,” IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, Tech. Dig., pp. 128–131, May 1994.
C. Lemonds and S. Mahant Shetti, “A Low Power 16 by 16 Multiplier using Transition Reduction Circuitry,” Proc. of the International Workshop on Low Power Design, pp. 139–142, April 1994.
A. Chandrakasan, S. Sheng, and R. W. Brodersen, “Low-Power CMOS Design,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 472–484, April 1992.
U. Ko, P. T. Balsara, and W. Lee, “A Self-timed Method to Minimize Spurious Transitions in Low Power CMOS Circuits,” IEEE Symposium on Low Power Electronics, Tech. Dig., pp. 62–63, October 1994.
R. I. Bahar, H. Cho, G. D. Hachtel, E. Macii, and F. Somenzi, “An Application of ADD-Based Timing Analysis to Combinational Low Power Re-Synthesis,” Proc. of the International Workshop on Low Power Design, pp. 139–142, April 1994.
M. Alidina, J. Montiero, S. Devadas, A. Ghosh, and M. Papaefthymiou, “Precomputing-Based Sequential Logic Optimization for Low-Power,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 426–436, December 1994.
A. Ghersho, and R. Gray, “Vector Quantization and Signal Compression,” Springer Science+Business Media New York, MA,1992.
D. B. Lidsky, and J. M. Rabaey, “Low-Power Design of Memory Intensive Functions,” IEEE Symposium on Low Power Electronics, Tech. Dig., pp. 16–17, October 1994.
A. P. Chandrakasan, A. Burstein, and R. W. Brodersen, “A Low-Power Chipset for a Portable Multimedia I/O Terminal,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1415–1428, December 1994.
J. Schutz, “A 3.3 V 0.6 µm BiCMOS Superscalar Microprocessor,” IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conf., Tech. Dig., pp. 202–203, February 1994.
N. K. Yeung, Y-H. Sutu, T. Y-F. Su, E. T. Pak, C-C Chao, S. Akki, D. D. Yau, and R. Lodenquai, “The Design of a 55SPECint92 RISC Processor under 2W,” IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, Tech. Dig., pp. 206–207, February 1994.
D. Pham, et al., “A 3.0W 75SPECint92 85SPECfp92 Superscalar RISC,” IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, Tech. Dig., pp. 212–213, February 1994.
G. Gerosa, et al., “A 2.2 W 80 MHz Superscalar RISC Microprocessor,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1440–1454, December 1994.
S. Gary, C. Dietz, J. Eno, G. Gerosa, S. Park, and H. Sanchez, “The PowerPC 603 Microprocessor: A Low-Power Design for Portable Applications,” Proc. of COMPCON’94, Tech. Dig., pp. 307–315, February 1994.
R. K. Kolagotla, S-S. Yu, and J. F. JaJa, “VLSI Implementation of a Tree Searched Vector Quantizer,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 901–905, February 1993.
C-L. Su, C-Y. Tsui, and A. M. Despain, “Low Power Architecture Design and Compilation Techniques for High-Performance Processors,” Proceedings of COMPCON’94, Tech. Dig., pp. 489–498, February 1994.
A-C Deng, “Power Analysis for CMOS/BiCMOS Circuits,” Proc. of the International Workshop on Low Power Design, pp. 3–8, April 1994.
C. M. Huizer, “Power Dissipation Analysis of CMOS VLSI Circuits by Means of Switch-Level Simulation,” Proc. of the European Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp. 61–64, 1990.
M. A. Cirit, “Estimating Dynamic Power Consumption of CMOS Circuits,” IEEE International Conference on Computer Aided Design, pp. 534–537, November 1987.
F. Najm, I. Hajj, and P. Yang, “An extension of Probabilistic Simulation for Reliability Analysis of CMOS VLSI Circuits,” 28th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, Tech. Dig., pp. 644–649, June 1991.
A. Ghosh, S. Devadas, K. Keutzer, and J. White, “Estimation of Average Switching Activity in Combinational and Sequential Circuits,” 29th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, Tech. Dig., pp. 253–259, June 1992.
F. N. Najm, “A Survey of Power Estimation Techniques in VLSI Circuits,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 446–455, December 1994.
R. E. Bryant, “Graph-Based Algorithms For Boolean Function Manipulation,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, pp. 677–691, August 1986.
B. J. George, G. Yeap, M. G. Wloka, S. C. Tyler, and D. Gossain, “Power Analysis for Semi-Custom Design,” IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, Tech. Dig., pp. 249–252, 1994.
B. J. George, G. Yeap, M. G. Wloka, S. C. Tyler, and D. Gossain, “Power Analysis and Characterization for Semi-Custom Design,” Proc. of the International Workshop on Low Power Design, pp. 215–218, April 1994.
D. Lui, and C. Svensson, “Power Consumption Estimation in CMOS VLSI Chips,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 663–670, June 1994.
H. B. Bakoglu, “Circuits, Interconnects, and Packaging for VLSI,” Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990.
S. R. Powell and P. M. Chau, “Estimating Power Dissipation of VLSI Signal Processing Chips: The PFA Technique,” VLSI Signal Processing IV, pp. 250–259, 1990.
P. E. Landman, and J. M. Rabaey, “Power Estimation for High Level Synthesis,” EDAC-EUROASIC, Paris, France, pp. 361–366, February 1993.
P. E. Landman, and J. M. Rabaey, “Black-Box Capacitance Models for Architectural Power Analysis,” Proceedings of the International Workshop on Low Power Design, Napa, CA, pp. 165-170, April 1994.
R. Mehra, and J. Rabaey, “Behavioral Level Power Estimation and Exploration,” Proceedings of the International Workshop on Low Power Design, Napa, CA, pp. 197–202, April 1994.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bellaouar, A., Elmasry, M.I. (1995). Low-Power VLSI Design Methodology. In: Low-Power Digital VLSI Design. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2355-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2355-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5999-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2355-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive