Abstract
The desire to conserve spectrum is a very widespread one, prevalent not only with respect to the radiated spectrum, but also significant in terms of the conducted spectrum that exists on any cable transmission facility. Numerous multilevel modulation techniques (see Chapter 6) have been devised to increase the number of bits per second that can be transmitted per hertz of bandwidth. It should be no surprise, therefore, that significant efforts are being made to encode voice at lower information rates (b/s) than required for 64-kb/s PCM, as described in Chapter 3. The fact that 64-kb/s PCM, as such, generally requires much more bandwidth than does a 3-kHz analog signal is of itself a continuing incentive to seek lower-bit-rate forms of digitized speech.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Markel, J. D. and Gray, A. H., Jr., Linear Prediction of Speech, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1976.
Schaefer, R. W., “A Survey of Digital Speech Processing Techniques”, IEEE Trans. on Audio and Electroacoustics, Vol. AU-20, No. 1, Mar. 1977, pp. 28–35.
Flanagan, J. L., et al., “Speech Coding,” IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol. COM-27, No. 4, April 1979, pp. 710–737.
Voiers, W. D., “Diagnostic Evaluation of Speech Intelligibility,” in Speech Intelligibility and Speaker Recognition, M. Hawley (ed.), Dowden Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, 1977.
Wong, D. Y., Juang, B-H, and Gray, A. H., “An 800 bit/s Vector Quantization LPC Vocoder,” IEEE Trans. ASSP, Vol. ASSP-30, No. 5, Oct. 1982, pp. 770–780.
Tremain, T., “The Government Standard Adaptive Predictive Coding Algorithm APC04,” Speech Technology, February/March, 1985, pp. 52–62.
See note 6.
Atal, B. and Remde, J. R., “A New Model of LPC Excitation for Producing Natural Sounding Speech at Low Bit Rate,” ICASSP ‘82,pp. 614–617.
Un, C. K., and Magill, P. T., “The Residual-Excited Linear Prediction Vocoder with Transmission Rate Below 9.6 kb/s,” IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol. COM-23, No. 12, Dec. 1975, pp. 1466–1473.
Jayant, N., Lawrence, V., and Prezas, D., “Coding of Speech and Wideband Audio,” AT&T Tech., Vol. 69, No. 5, pp. 25–41 (Oct. 1990).
“Telecommunications Analog to Digital Conversion of Radio Voice by 4800 Bit/Second Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP),” FED-STD-1016, General Services Administration, Washington, DC, February 14, 1991.
See note 9.
“Cellular System: Dual-Mode Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard,” EIA/TIA Standard IS-54 (Revision A), Telecommunications Industries Association, Washington, DC (January, 1991).
Kroon, P., Deprettere, E. F., and Sluyter, R. J., “Regular-Pulse Excitation—A Novel Approach to Effective and Efficient Multipulse Coding of Speech,” IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP-34, No. 5, Oct. 1986, pp. 1054–1063.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Keiser, B.E., Strange, E. (1995). Parametric and Hybrid Coding. In: Digital Telephony and Network Integration. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1787-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1787-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5721-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1787-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive