Abstract
The year 1995 marked the centennial of Roentgen’s landmark discovery of x-rays in 1895 (1). “A new kind of ray”, which was emitted by a gas discharge tube, could blacken photographic film. Almost immediately, its applications to medicine were recognized. It was used to locate a piece of knife in the backbone of a sailor who had been paralyzed until the fragment could be located and removed. X-rays were first used therapeutically in 1897 when Leopold Freund, a German surgeon, successfully irradicated a hairy mole using the new technique (2). By 1934 Coutard developed a protracted, fractionated scheme for the successful treatment of laryngeal cancer (3).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
W. C. Roentzen. “On a New Kind of Rays (Preliminary Communication)”-Translation of a paper read before the Physikalische-Medicinischen Gesellschaft of Wurzburg on December 28, 1895.British Journal of Radiology4 (32), 1931.
H.D. Kogelnik. Inauguration of radiotherapy as a new scientific speciality by Leopold Freund 100 years ago [see comments].Radiother.Oncol.42 (3):203–211, 1997.
H. Coutard. Pinciples of x-ray therapy of malignant diseases.Lancet2:1–8, 1934.
P Curie, M. P. Curie, and G. Bemont. Sur Une Nouvell Substance Fortement Radioactive Contenue dans la Peckblende (Note presented by M. Becquerel).Complete Rendition of Academy of Sciences (Paris)127:1215–1217, 1898.
C. F. Mountain. Revisions in the International System for Staging Lung Cancer [see comments].Chest111 (6):1710–1717, 1997.
H. M. Sandler, W. J. Curran, Jr., and A. T. Turrisi, III. The influence of tumor size and pre-treatment staging on outcome following radiation therapy alone for stage I non-small cell lung cancer.Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.19 (1):9–13, 1990.
E. M. Noordijk, Clement E. Poest, J. Hermans, A. M. Weyer, and J. W. Leer. Radiotherapy as an alternative to surgery in elderly patients with resectable lung cancer.Radiother.Oncol.13 (2):83–89, 1988.
H. X. Zhang, W. B. Yin, L. J. Zhang, Z. Y. Yang, Z. X. Zhang, M. Wang, D. F. Chen, and X. Z. Gu. Curative radiotherapy of early operable non-small cell lung cancer.Radiother.Oncol.14 (2):89–94, 1989.
D. E. Dosoretz, M. J. Katin, P. H. Blitzer, J. H. Rubenstein, S. Salenius, M. Rashid, R. A. Dosani, G. Mestas, A. D. Siegel, and T. T. Chadha. Radiation therapy in the management of medically inoperable carcinoma of the lung: results and implications for future treatment strategies [see comments].Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.24 (1):3–9, 1992.
R. Gelman, R. Gelber, I. C. Henderson, C. N. Coleman, and J. R. Harris. Improved methodology for analyzing local and distant recurrence [see comments].J. Clin.Oncol.8 (3):548–555, 1990.
G. S. Sibley, T. A. Jamieson, L. B. Marks, M. S. Anscher, and L. R. Prosnitz. Radiotherapy alone for medically inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: the Duke experience.Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.40 (1):149–154, 1998.
A. D. Krol, P. Aussems, E. M. Noordijk, J. Hermans, and J. W. Leer. Local irradiation alone for peripheral stage I lung cancer: could we omit the elective regional nodal irradiation?Int.JRadiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.34 (2):297–302, 1996.
T. Naruke, T. Goya, R. Tsuchiya, and K. Suemasu. Prognosis and survival in resected lung carcinoma based on the new international staging system [published erratum appears in J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989 Mar;97(3):350].J.Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg.96 (3):440–447, 1988.
D. E. Dosoretz, D. Galmarini, J. H. Rubenstein, M. J. Katin, P. H. Blitzer, S. A. Salenius, R. A. Dosani, M. Rashid, G. Mestas, and S. E. Hannan. Local control in medically inoperable lung cancer: an analysis of its importance in outcome and factors determining the probability of tumor eradication.Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.27 (3):507–516, 1993.
Effects of postoperative mediastinal radiation on completely resected stage II and stage III epidermoid cancer of the lung. The Lung Cancer Study Group.N.Eng1.J.Med.315 (22):1377–1381, 1986.
Postoperative radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from nine randomised controlled trials. PORT Meta-analysis Trialists Group [see comments].Lancet352 (9124):257–263, 1998.
S. M. Keller. ECOG: Phase III comparison of thoracic radiotherapy alone Vs combined with CDDPNP-16 chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant therapy for Stage II/IIIA non-scall cell lung cancer, Closed 02/04/97. PASCO, 1999.
N. Martini, M. G. Kris, R. J. Gralla, M. S. Bains, P. M. McCormack, L. R. Kaiser, M. E. Burt, and M. B. Zaman. The effects of preoperative chemotherapy on the resectability of non-small cell lung carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node metastases (N2 MO).Ann.Thorac.Surg.45 (4):370–379, 1988.
V. W. Rusch, K. S. Albain, J. J. Crowley, T. W. Rice, V. Lonchyna, R. McKenna, Jr. R. B. Livingston, B. R. Griffin, and J. R. Benfield. Surgical resection of stage IIIA and stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer after concurrent induction chemoradiotherapy. A Southwest Oncology Group trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.105 (1):97–104, 1993.
J. A. Roth, F. Fossella, R. Komaki, M. B. Ryan, J. B. Putnam, Jr. J. S. Lee, H. Dhingra, L. De Caro, M. Chasen, and M. McGavran. A randomized trial comparing perioperative chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone in resectable stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer [see comments].J.Natl.Cancer Inst.86 (9):673–680, 1994.
Rosell R, Gomez-Codina J, Camps C, Maestre J, Padille J, Canto A, Mate JL, Li S, Roig J, Olazabal A, et al. A randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery with surgery alone in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 330:153–158, 1994.
T. Sause, P. Koselar, S. Taylor, D. Johnson, R. Livingston, R. Komaki, B. Emami, W. Curran, R. Byhardt, B. Fisher, and A. T. Turrisi. Five-year Results; Phase III trial of regionally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer, RTOG 8808, ECOG 4588, SWOG 8992.Proceeding of the American Society of Clinical Oncology1998:1743, 1998. (Abstract)
K. Kubota, K. Furuse, M. Kawahara, N. Kodama, M. Yamamoto, M. Ogawara, S. Negoro, N. Masuda, M. Takada, and K. Matsui. Role of radiotherapy in combined modality treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.J. Clin.Oncol.12 (8):1547–1552, 1994.
R. O. Dillman, S. L. Seagren, K. J. Propert, J. Guerra, W. L. Eaton, M. C. Perry, R. W. Carey, E. F. Frei ,III, and M. R. Green.A randomized trial of induction chemotherapy plus high-dose radiation versus radiation alone in stage III nonsmall-cell lung cancer [see comments].N.Engl.J.Med.323 (14):940–945, 1990.
W. T. Sause, C. Scott, S. Taylor, D. Johnson, R. Livingston, R. Komaki, B. Emami, W. J. Curran, R. W. Byhardt, and A. T. Turrisi. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 88–08 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 4588: preliminary results of a phase III trial in regionally advanced, unresectable nonsmall-cell lung cancer.J.Natl.Cancer Inst.87 (3):198–205, 1995.
T. Le Chevalier, R. Arriagada, E. Quoix, P. Ruffle, M. Martin, M. Tarayre, M. J. Lacombe-Terrier, J. Y. Douillard, and A. Laplanche. Radiotherapy alone versus combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in nonresectable non-small-cell lung cancer: first analysis of a randomized trial in 353 patients [see comments].J.Natl.Cancer Inst.83 (6):417–423, 1991.
R. Arriagada, T. Le Chevalier, and E Rekacewicz. Cisplatin-Based Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC: Late Analysis of a French Randomized Trial (abstract).Proceeding of the American Society of Clinical Oncology16:446a,1997. (Abstract)
C. Schaake-Koning, Bogaert W. van den, O. Dalesio, J. Festen, J. Hoogenhout, P. van Houtte, A. Kirkpatrick, M. Koolen, B. Maat, and A. Nijs. Effects of concomitant cisplatin and radiotherapy on inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer [seecomments]. N.Eng1.J.Med.326 (8):524–530, 1992.
K. S. Albain, V. W. Rusch, J. J. Crowley, T. W. Rice, A. T. Turrisi, III, J. K. Weick, V. A. Lonchyna, C. A. Presant, R. J. McKenna, and D. R. Gandara. Concurrent cisplatin/etoposide plus chest radiotherapy followed by surgery for stages IIIA (N2) and IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: mature results of Southwest Oncology Group phase II study 8805.J.Clin.Oncol.13 (8):1880–1892, 1995.
K. Mattson, L. R. Holsti, P. Holsti, M. Jakobsson, M. Kajanti, K. Liippo, M. Mantyla, S. Niitamo-Korhonen, V. Nikkanen, and E. Nordman. Inoperable non-small cell lung cancer: radiation with or without chemotherapy.Eur.J. Cancer Clin.Oncol.24 (3):477–482, 1988.
P. van Houtte, J. Klastersky, A. Renaud, J. Michel, G. Vandermoten, H. Nguyen, J. P. Sculier, J. Devriendt, and P. Mommen. Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and vindesine before radiation therapy for nonsmall-cell lung cancer. A randomized study.Antibiot.Chemother.41:131–137, 1988.
L. Critic), P. Latini, M. Meacci, E. Corgna, E. Maranzano, S. Darwish, V. Minotti, A. Santucci, and M. Tonato. Induction chemotherapy plus high-dose radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in locally advanced unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer.Ann.Oncol.4 (10):847–851, 1993.
A. Planting, P. Helle, P. Drings, O. Dalesio, A. Kirkpatrick, G. McVie, and G. Giaccone. A randomized study of high-dose split course radiotherapy preceded by high-dose chemotherapy versus high-dose radiotherapy only in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. An EORTC Lung Cancer Cooperative Group trial [see comments].Ann.Oncol.7 (2):139–144, 1996.
R. F. Morton, J. R. Jett, W. L. McGinnis, J. D. Earle, T. M. Therneau, J. E. Krook, T. E. Elliott, J. A. Mailliard, R. A. Nelimark, and A. W. Maksymiuk. Thoracic radiation therapy alone compared with combined chemoradiotherapy for locally unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. A randomized, phase III trial [see comments]. Ann.Intern.Med.115 (9):681–686, 1991.
Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group [see comments].BMJ311 (7010):899–909, 1995.
P. Marino, A. Preatoni, and A. Cantoni. Randomized trials of radiotherapy alone versus combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in stages IIIa and IIIb nonsmall cell lung cancer. A meta-analysis [see comments].Cancer76 (4):593–601, 1995.
R. S. Pritchard and S. P. Anthony. Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in the treatment of locally advanced, unresectable, non-smallcell lung cancer. A meta-analysis [published erratum appears in Ann Intern Med 1997 Apr 15;126(8):670]. Ann.Intern.Med.125(9):723–729, 1996.
R. W. Byhardt, C. Scott, W. T. Sause, B. Emami, R. Komaki, B. Fisher, J. S. Lee, and C. Lawton. Response, toxicity, failure patterns, and survival in five Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trials of sequential and/or concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung.Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.42 (3):469–478, 1998.
K. Furose, M. Fukuoka, and M. Takada. A Randomized Phase II Study of Concurrent vs. Sequential Thoracic Radiotherapy in Combination with Mitomycin, Vindesine adn Cisplatin in Unresectable Stage III NSCLC: Preliminary Analysis.Proceeding of the American Society of Clinical Oncology16: 1999. (Abstract)
G. Clamon, J. Herndon, R. Cooper, A. Y. Chang, J. Rosenman, and M. R. Green. Radiosensitization with carboplatin for patients with unresectable stage III nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [see comments].1Clin.Oncol.17 (1):411, 1999.
Curran WJ, Scott C, Langer C, Komaki R, Lee JS, Hauser S, Movsas B, Wasserman T, Rosenthal S, Byhardt R, Sause W, Cox J. Phase III comparison of sequential vs. concurrent chemoradiation for patients (pts) with unresected stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Initial report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9410. PASCO 2000 Abstract No. 1891.
W. T. Sause, C. Scott, S. Taylor, D. Johnson, R. Livingston, R. Komaki, B. Emami, W. J. Curran, R. W. Byhardt, and A. T. Turrisi. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 88–08 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 4588: preliminary results of a phase III trial in regionally advanced, unresectable nonsmall-cell lung cancer.J.Natl.CancerInst.87 (3):198–205, 1995.
Byhardt, C. B. Scott, D. S. Ettinger, W. J. Curran, R. L. Doggett, C. Coughlin, C. Scarantino, M. Rotman, and B. Emami. Concurrent hyperfractionated irradiation and chemotherapy for unresectable nonsmall cell lung cancer. Results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 90–15.Cancer75 (9):2337–2344, 1995.
R. Komaki, C. Scott, D. Ettinger, J. S. Lee, F. V. Fossella, W. Curran, R. F. Evans, P. Rubin, and R. W. Byhardt. Randomized study of chemotherapy/radiation therapy combinations for favorable patients with locally advanced inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 92–04.Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.38 (1):149–155, 1997.
T. A. Salerno, D. D. Munro, P. E. Blundell, and R. C. Chiu. Second primary bronchogenic carcinoma: life-table analysis of surgical treatment.Ann. Thorac. Surg.27 (1):3–6, 1979.
A. Yellin, L. R. Hill, and J. R. Benfield. Bronchogenic carcinoma associated with upper aerodigestive cancers.J.Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg.91 (5):674–683, 1986.
B. A. Armstrong, C. A. Perez, J. R. Simpson, and M. A. Hederman. Role of irradiation in the management of superior vena cava syndrome.Int.JRadiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.13 (4):531–539, 1987.
C. P. Escalante. Causes and management of superior vena cava syndrome.Oncology (Huntingt)7 (6):61–68, 1993.
D. E. Schraufnagel, R. Hill, J. A. Leech, and J. A. Pare. Superior vena caval obstruction. Is it a medical emergency?Am.J.Med.70 (6):1169–1174, 1981.
A. M. Maddox, M. Valdivieso, J. Lukeman, T. L. Smith, H. E. Barkley, M. L. Samuels, and G. P. Bodey. Superior vena cava obstruction in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Clinical parameters and survival.Cancer52 (11):2165–2172, 1983.
Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer. Adopted on May 16, 1997 by the American Society of Clinical Oncology.J. Clin.Oncol.15 (8):2996–3018, 1997.
Inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a Medical Research Council randomised trial of palliative radiotherapy with two fractions or ten fractions. Report to the Medical Research Council by its Lung Cancer Working Party.Br.J.Cancer63 (2):265–270, 1991.
P. Teo, T. H. Tai, D. Choy, and K. H. Tsui. A randomized study on palliative radiation therapy for inoperable non small cell carcinoma of the lung.Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.14 (5):867–871, 1988.
L. Mandell, B. Hilaris, M. Sullivan, N. Sundaresan, D. Nori, J. H. Kim, N. Martini, and Z. Fuks. The treatment of single brain metastasis from non-oat cell lung carcinoma. Surgery and radiation versus radiation therapy alone.Cancer58 (3):641–649, 1986.
L. M. DeAngelis, L. R. Mandell, H. T. Thaler, D. W. Kimmel, J. H. Galicich, Z. Fuks, and J. B. Posner. The role of postoperative radiotherapy after resection of single brain metastases.Neurosurgery24 (6):798–805, 1989.
Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Walsh JW, Dempsey RJ, Maruyama Y, Kryscio RJ, Markesbery WR, Macdonald JS, Young B. A randomized trial of surgery in the treatment of single metastases to the brain. N Engl J Med 22:322:494–500, 1990.
Alexander E 3rdMoriarty TM, Davis RB, Wen PY, Fine HA, Black PM, Kooy HM, Loeffler JS. Stereotactic radiosurgery for the definitive, noninvasive treatment of brain metastases. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:34–40, 1995.
C. A. Perez, M. Bauer, S. Edelstein, B. W. Gillespie, and R. Birch. Impact of tumor control on survival in carcinoma of the lung treated with irradiation [published erratum appears in Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1986 Nov;12(1l):2057].Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.12 (4):539–547, 1986.
J. D. Cox, N. Azarnia, R. W. Byhardt, K. H. Shin, B. Emami, and T. F. Pajak. A randomized phase I/II trial of hyperfractionated radiation therapy with total doses of 60.0 Gy to 79.2 Gy: possible survival benefit with greater than or equal to 69.6 Gy in favorable patients with Radiation Therapy Oncology Group stage III nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 83–11.J.Clin.Oncol.8 (9):1543–1555, 1990.
M. Saunders, S. Dische, A. Barrett, A. Harvey, D. Gibson, and M. Parmar. Continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) versus conventional radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised multicentre trial. CHART Steering Committee [see comments].Lancet350 (9072):161–165, 1997.
A. J. Bailey, M. K. Parmar, and R. J. Stephens. Patient-reported short-term and long-term physical and psychologic symptoms: results of the continuous hyperfractionated accelerated [correction of acclerated] radiotherapy (CHART) randomized trial in non-small-cell lung cancer. CHART Steering Committee.J. Clin. Oncol.16 (9):3082–3093, 1998.
M. P. Mehta, S. P. Tannehill, S. Adak, L. Martin, D. G. Petereit, H. Wagner, J. F. Fowler, and D. Johnson. Phase II trial of hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy for nonresectable non-small-cell lung cancer: results of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 4593.J.Clin.Oncol.16 (11):3518–3523, 1998.
Choy H, Devore RF 3`dHande KR, Porter LL, Rosenblatt P, Yunus F, Schlabach L, Smith C, Shyr Y, Johnson DH. A phase II study of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and hyperfractionated radiation therapy for locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (a Vanderbilt Cancer Center Affiliate Network Study). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:931–937, 2000.
J. S. Lee, C. Scott, R. Komaki, F. V. Fossella, G. S. Dundas, S. McDonald, R. W. Byhardt, and W. J. Curran, Jr. Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with oral etoposide and cisplatin for locally advanced inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer: radiation therapy oncology group protocol 91–06.J.Clin.Oncol.14 (4):1055–1064, 1996.
M. V. Graham, M. Jahanzeb, C. M. Dresler, J. D. Cooper, B. Emami, and J. E. Mortimer. Results of a trial with topotecan dose escalation and concurrent thoracic radiation therapy for locally advanced, inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer.Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.36 (5):1215–1220, 1996.
A. Vanagunas, P. Jacob, and E. Olinger. Radiation-induced esophageal injury: a spectrum from esophagitis to cancer.Am.J.Gastroenterol.85 (7):808–812, 1990.
T. R. Mackie, T. Holmes, S. Swerdloff, P. Reckwerdt, J. O. Deasy, J. Yang, B. Paliwal, and T. Kinsella. Tomotherapy: a new concept for the delivery of dynamic conformal radiotherapy.Med.Phys.20 (6):1709–1719, 1993.
M. P. Carol. Integrated 3D conformal plannin/multivane intesity modulatin delivery system for radiotherapy. In:3D Radiaiton Treatemtn Planning and Conformal Therapyedited by J. A. Purdy and B. Emami, Madison, WI:Medical Physics Publishing, 1995, p. 435–445.
D. J. Convery and M. E. Rosenbloom. The generation of intesity-modulated fields for the conformal radiotherapy by dynamic collimationPhysics in medicine & biology37:1359, 1992.
T. Bortfeld, A. L. Boyer, W. Schlegel, D. L. Kahler, and T. J. Waldron. Realization and verification of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with modulated fields [see comments].Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.30 (4):899–908, 1994.
S. V. Spirou and C. S. Chui. Generation of arbitrary intensity profiles by dynamic jaws or multileaf collimators.Med.Phys.21 (7):1031–1041, 1994.
T. Bortfeld, D. L. Kahler, and T. J. Waldron. X-ray field compensation with multi-leaf collimatersInt.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys.28:723, 1994.
C. X. Yu, M. J. Symons, M. N. Du, A. A. Martinez, and J. W. Wong. A method for implementing dynamic photon beam intensity modulation using independent jaws and a multileaf collimator.Phys.Med.Biol.40 (5):769–787, 1995.
C. X. Yu. Intensity-modulated arc therapy with dynamic multileaf collimation: an alternative to tomotherapy.Phys.Med.Biol.40 (9):1435–1449, 1995.
J. Stein, K Hartwig, S Levegrun, and et al. Intesity-modulated treatments: Compensators vs. multi-leaf modulation. In:XII International conference on theedited by D. D. Leavitt and G. Starkschall, 1999.
Dubal N, Chans, Cullip T, et al. Intensity modulation for tangential breast treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:127, 1998.
Mehta M, Petereit D, Chosey L, et al. Sequential comparison of low dose rate and hyperfractionated high dose rate endobronchial radiation for malignant airway occlusion. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23:133, 1992.
Speiser B. Remote afterloading brachytherapy for the local control of endobronchial carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 25:579, 1993.
Taulelle M, Chauvet B, Vincent P, et al. High dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy; results and complications in 189 patients. 11:162, 1998.
Hennequin C, Tredanial J, Durdux C, et al. Endobronchial brachytherapy: the Saint Louis Hospital experience. Cancer Radiother 1:159, 1997.
Gollins SW, Ryder WDJ, Burt PV, et al. Massive haemoptysis death and other morbidity associated with high dose rate inraluiminal radiotherapy for carcinoma of the bronchus. Radiother Oncol 39:105, 1996.
Huber RM, Fischer R, Hautmann H, et al. Does additional brachytherapy improve the effect of external irradiation? A prospective, randomized study in central lung tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 43:533, 1997.
Ornadel D, Duchesene G, Wall P, et al. Defining the roles of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy and laser resection for recurrent bronchial malignancy. In Hansen HH (ed): Lung Cancer 16, pp 203–213, New York, NY, Elsevier, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Choy, H., Chakravarthy, A., Kim, JS. (2001). Radiation Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). In: Ettinger, D.S. (eds) Thoracic Oncology. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 105. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1589-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1589-0_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5629-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1589-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive