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Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines

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New Bacterial Vaccines

Part of the book series: Medical Intelligence Unit ((MIUN))

Abstract

Almost sixty years after the advent of penicillin, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) continues to cause more deaths from invasive infections (pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia) than any other bacterium. It is also the most common cause of acute otitis media in children, which, although less serious, is a major contributor to morbidity and a significant cost to health-care systems. Management of pneumococcal (Pn) disease is also being complicated by an alarming increase in the prevalence of penicillin- and multiple drug-resistant strains and the lack of an efficacious broadly protective vaccine. Vaccines developed to date have been directed against the type-specific polysaccharide (Ps) capsule. Anti-capsular antibodies are highly protective against homologous Pn serotypes, but purified Ps vaccines are poorly immunogenic in high-risk groups such as young children and the elderly. Moreover, protection is serotype-specific, and the existing formulation covers only 23 of the 90 known Pn types. Recently licensed Ps-protein conjugate vaccine formulations are much more immunogenic and protective in infants, but they are very expensive and serotype coverage is even more restricted. Therefore, new vaccines based on protein antigens common to all Pn types may provide a more broadly efficacious and cost-effective alternative.

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  1. James C. Paton
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  2. David E. Briles
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Paton, J.C., Briles, D.E. (2003). Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines. In: New Bacterial Vaccines. Medical Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0053-7_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0053-7_19

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