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Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of AIDS

Definition

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a family of small DNA tumor viruses with a size of ~52–55 nm. The family consists of ~200 different genotypes; many of the types cause benign warts or papilloma, while a small fraction of oncogenic or “high-risk” types can cause invasive cervical cancer or other tumors. HPV infects keratinocytes in the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelia and replicates in the nucleus of infected keratinocytes along with keratinocyte differentiation. The viral genome in size of ~7.9 kb encodes six early, nonstructural regulatory proteins (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7) and two late structural proteins (L1 and L2). E6 and E7 are two oncoproteins responsible for the viral oncogenesis of high-risk HPVs, including HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV39, HPV45, HPV51, HPV52, HPV56, HPV58, HPV59, HPV68, HPV73, and HPV82. L1 is a major structural component of viral capsid, and its self-assembly in vitro into a viral-like particle (VLP) provides the basis of...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 1050 Boyles Street Bldg. 539, Rm 152J, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA

    Zhi-Ming Zheng

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  1. Zhi-Ming Zheng
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Correspondence to Zhi-Ming Zheng .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Cell & Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Thomas J. Hope

  2. Office of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Mario Stevenson

  3. University of California, San Diego Dept. Pathology, La Jolla, California, USA

    Douglas Richman

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Zheng, ZM. (2013). Human Papillomavirus (HPV). In: Hope, T., Stevenson, M., Richman, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of AIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_1-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_1-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9610-6

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